AFA's 2007 Air Warfare Symposium Transcripts


General Paul V. Hester
Commander, Pacific Air Forces
AFA Air Warfare Symposium
Orlando, FL
February 8, 2007

Thanks Peto, and a great warm Aloha to you all. I must tell you when I came and played golf this morning I was actually cold here from the weather we have in Hawaii, although I had just left India after having breakfast with the Chief of Staff of the Indian Air Force on Tuesday morning. I haven’t been in Hawaii much, but it’s been great being out in the Pacific doing America’s business and visiting Airmen and watching Airmen do business in India right now. I left (Lt. Gen. Loyd S.) Jeff Utterback out there to in fact take our F-16 demo team for their Aerospace Seminar and for their Air Power Air Show that’s out there.

General Peterson, thanks for the invitation to come and be with you, Bob and you and the other members of our Air Force leadership. And to our Secretary and Chief, it’s great to be with you. It’s always fun to come and talk about Airmen, especially fun to listen to Chief (Gen. T. Michael) Moseley talk about his most recent trip and what he got a chance to do and who he got a chance to see, come back and be able to relate those stories to us. I’ll now start grabbing some of those pieces and putting them into my conversation to blend with those same kind of stories of Airmen out in the Pacific.

It is important for the Pacific, for the Air Force to be there, and that’s kind of what I want to ask us to focus on today. What is the role of PACAF, what is the role of the Pacific?

We know that the role of AFA is so important in telling the story of Airmen. It’s also important, as our Chief has pointed out, that we as MAJCOM (Major Command) commanders get out and tell the story of our Air Force, and I’ve been doing that a lot. Even to our international friends who might sometimes not want to hear that same story, but they do because they then incorporate some of those actual thoughts into what their Airmen are doing, into their air forces and respond to me in the same way. You know, we do that exact same thing. We fly those same kind of sorties. Our Airmen are doing those kind of missions. Therefore, it becomes a part of their lexicon as well.

It’s fun to go and stand in front of audiences, especially civilian audiences, and talk about Airmen. Talk about the bravery they have on the battlefield.

I mentioned that I just came from New Delhi and their Air Power Seminar. They had 40 Air Chiefs from around the world and I represented Chief Moseley and our Air Force there. That was an intense seminar to focus on what is the role of aerospace power for the future. It was interesting to listen to those who were in fact running the seminar panels. (Lt. Gen.) Jeff Utterback led one of the seminar panels. I was one of the guest speakers there. The Chinese representative from their Chief ran one of the seminar panels, as well as the Russian Chief ran one of the seminar panels. So you can see the breadth of Airmen that we had at New Delhi. Our congratulations to our Indian friends. They are celebrating their 75th Anniversary, the platinum jubilee of their Air Force. Of course they took every opportunity, as Chief Tiagi did, to remind me what a junior Air Force we are, that we’re only celebrating our 60th. All in good fun between Airmen.

Airmen who are serving on the battlefield; Airmen who are representing us in forward deployed areas, whether they are in Europe with (Gen.) Tom Hobbins or they’re with us in the Pacific, they are in fact doing magical, magical work and they in fact belong to what I believe is America’s next greatest generation.

This past December 7th I was asked to come to Houston, Texas, and talk to the Houston Four. Pacific, December the 7th, it became pretty easy for me to even figure out what the subject I needed to talk about when I went to visit with those folks. So, consequently I focused on obviously the effects of the aftermath of the attack on Hickam Field and Pearl Harbor, but I then focused a little bit on why the Pacific is important.

You may remember that in the aftermath of December 7th of 1941 that we started the greatest wartime mobilization ever in our history. It was a national awakening. It was what Admiral Yamomoto (Isoroku) feared. You’ll remember, he’s the guy that led the attack on Hickam Field in Pearl Harbor. He’s the guy who had graduated from Harvard in Economics. He’s the guy who had ridden all across this great country before the 1940s, had seen the majestic mountains, had seen the plains, had met our people, and he knew what he would fear. The fear was if he did not devastate us to the point of no recovery, he was afraid, obviously, that we would be awakened with a national resolve, and of course that’s exactly what happened. The national resolve was awakened by people who were committed and they pointed that resolve with great anger straight at Japan.

Yamomoto was a pretty doggone smart guy. He saw it coming. He knew it would come. And when the attack did not sink our ships and destroy every one of our planes, he knew what would eventually happen, as it did in 1945. It would unleash an incredible fury against his country.

As important as a full understanding of that date was, it’s also important to remember the history of 9/11 and how it has shaped our lives today. We are in a world war now. That world, as Gen. Moseley just mentioned a few moments ago, is bigger than Afghanistan and Iraq.

You’ve heard me rattle off statistics for a long time. Would you put up the other slide please, Jason?

Thank you.

You’ve heard me rattle off these statistics before. Half the world’s surface, 16 time zones, 43 countries, 1,000 languages, and I’ll tell you, I’ve got to change that. I’ve got to go back and do some number counting because my friends in India just pointed out to me as I made this comment the other day in some remarks in India, that they have 1600 languages and dialects just in India alone. So I’ve got some more math to do in public to figure this out.

Sixty percent of the world’s population lives in the Pacific AOR (Area of Responsibility). And of course as our naval friends will tell you, it’s 75% full of water. And as I carefully and quickly and loudly tell them, that it’s 100% covered by air and space. [Laughter and applause].

Your Air Force has 55,000 Airmen, another 30,000 of our loved ones who are with us, so what makes the Pacific so important to us today?

On any given morning let me tell you what we wake up to in an in-box in the Pacific. The Philippines are fighting terrorists in their southern islands. They’ve been doing it for a long time, continue to do it today, killing people at a great rate, making great progress. They also have a number of earthquakes and mudslides in that country.

In Indonesia they’ve got 13 feet of water in the streets of Jakarta that are now receding. They had a tsunami that killed 225,000 people.

Fiji has a coup that’s ongoing.

The democratically elected Prime Minister in Thailand has been ousted, has not been back in the country now for months and the military has taken over.

There’s a full-fledged war in the bottom of Thailand where it borders onto Malaysia.

Sri Lanka now is back in a full war there.

Nepal has just cut a deal with the Maoists. The Maoists have just laid down their arms and have joined them in the parliament. We’re all holding our breath to see if this is going to hold in that territory.

Singapore is doing well and no apparent problems seem to be bothering us there.

We’ve got piracy in the Straits of Malacca.

We’ve got something called the 53 Year Armistice in a little place called Korea. And by the way, I got introduced, you’ll find this somewhat humorous, I got introduced the other day where the forces were for the Pacific Air Forces that included forces stationed in North Korea. [Laughter]. I did correct that, I must tell you, I did correct that for the record, that we don’t have anybody stationed in North Korea.

Bangladesh has a failing democracy.

We know what’s happening in other parts. Our friends in India and Pakistan seem to have a continuing ability to shoot at each other over a beautiful place called the Kashmir Valley.

As you wake up and notice that those are the things that are happening in Asia and in the Pacific, you realize that peace and stability has not come to the Pacific Rim nor to South Asia in the Indian Ocean.

It’s a long way to many of those places. Some of them we can’t pronounce very well, and some of them we can’t spell. So why is that important to those in Chicago, Illinois? Why does it matter since it’s a long way from home? Why does it matter because we’ve got people who are in Afghanistan and Iraq that are getting shot every day?

Well just before the turn of the century, this century, and you’ll all remember this, there was a common thought that if last century was the century that we looked toward Europe, then this coming century, the 21st Century, is one that we will look toward the Pacific. Our focus has been diverted a bit by Afghanistan, Iraq, the Middle East and the issues that are there, but I believe that that will in fact be eclipsed and that our longer focus will return back where the Pacific is. It will be the primary interest for our children, it will be the primary interest for our grandchildren.

Now I mentioned that you’ve got 60% of the world’s population out in that area. What’s interesting about that is is two countries, China and India, each have roughly 1.3 billion -- that’s with a B, not an M -- billion people there and they’re growing. A little math tells you that that’s 36% of the world’s population growing quickly to 40% for those individual two countries.

If you look at little closer at the economics of the Pacific you’ll also see something else that’s very startling. Our GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2006 was $12.3 trillion with a T. China was $8.9 trillion; Japan $4 trillion; and India was about $4 trillion. All four of these countries, along with places like South Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore, and others, the economies are robust, they’re growing, they’re interconnected, and more importantly, they’re competing for resources and fuel to sustain their growth.

Oil, of course, is one of the critical playing fields of that competition. As it turns out, you know the world produces about 83 million barrels of oil a day. Twenty million was what Americans use. It’s projected to go up to about 27 million in 20 years. China uses about six million barrels. That’s going to triple in 20 years. Japan uses six million barrels. That’s going to stay remarkably flat because they have alternate energy resources that’s going to keep it that way. Finally, India is going to double their consumption from about 2.5 to five million barrels a day. Demand is going up, supply is in question, prices will continue to rise to meet the tension that will be great amongst the users.

Now just like the Straits of Hormuz which is a choke point, as you know, its twin brother is the Straits of Malacca. It stands there with the perilous sea traffic passing between Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. It is a place of historic piracy and lawlessness. It’s a place where a major incident could be a disaster not just for the Pacific and for those three countries that border it, about also for the entire economic system of our world.

Indonesia as an individual country has the most dangerous waters of the world. Three hundred-fifty pirate attacks in ’04 alone, slightly down in ’05 and ’06 only because of the devastation of the tsunami. Our expectation is it will start rising again.

Oil passing through the chock point feeds the hungry, competitive economies. Is this an opportunity for disaster? Certainly it is. But it’s also an opportunity for our nation and for your Air Force to lead and establish relationships that will protect this area.

The Pacific region is defined by enormous distances. Rapid growth, global powers, regional powers, struggling democracies, terrorism, natural disasters, and one notable isolated rogue nation with WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction).

So where does air power fit into solving these problems to maintain peace and stability in the Pacific region? I believe right in the very middle of it with leadership, with platforms, and with strategic thinking.

I'm very rarely envious of my European friends and (Gen.) Tom Hobbins, but I do envy what Tom gets to do every day in a place called NATO. A place where nations are committed to working out problems. A place underneath an umbrella where they meet, they talk, they identify common problems, they talk, they work on solutions, they get angry, they talk, they agree, and did I mention, they talk some more. And when the day is over and they get through eating dinner and having a cognac at night, the next day they start all over. They talk, they meet, and they talk some more.

That seems like an arduous way to do business, but it is a business of if you’re talking, you’re not shooting at each other. If you’re talking, you’re moving forward to solve common problems with solutions that can be agreeable to you and other nations that are involved.

This does not exist in the Pacific anywhere. Bilateral relationships, US-Japan, US-Korea, US-Australia, US-Thailand. Never multinational. Ancient animosities get in the way. They hinder our effort to broaden and deepen these relationships.

However, coalitions and alliances tend to be built as we all now, because we built coalitions and alliance for the war fight in Gulf War I as well as in the current Gulf War, and they’re built on the shared commitment to defense and that means bombs, bullets and missiles.

We have an opportunity here in the Pacific to lead with ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) and we’ve started our investment in platforms and technologies that can be revolutionary in the ability to build coalitions and find common agendas for building answers.

We will bed down roughly 10 Global Hawks out in Guam starting in ’09. No bullets, no bombs, no missiles, only sensors. If crafted correctly, we have an opportunity for an American platform to fly jointly funded, researched and produced Australia and Japan sensors on it, run by Indian software, downloaded into a multinational assessment center in Singapore and to extend the persistence of the already 28 hours of airborne time of this Global Hawk, will drop into Thailand and do a gas and go at a refueling station and then get up and go out into the Indian Ocean to go help our friends in Sri Lanka or Bangladesh or others who need our assistance with the persistency of this ISR platform.

Data that now becomes the leading edge of knowledge for country leaders as they use it to solve problems of environmental, weather, piracy, sea lines of communication, management -- before there is a crisis, not after the crisis has started.

Is this hard? You bet it is, but it’s not impossible. It’s not impossible if the task is given to an Airman to solve.

We’re working with our neighbor countries in the region for a Global Hawk Pacific demonstration this summer. Gen. Ron Keys and our friends in ACC (Air Combat Command) are helping us as much as they can to make this a reality. Our intent is to involve as many nations as possible in whatever capacity they want to be involved, to start socializing the Global Hawk around the region and to show off the great potential of this peaceful, non-shooting platform.

Our intent is to fly three or four long sorties out of Guam over a two week period. We’ll use the MCE, the Mission Control Element, out at Beale (Calif.). They’ll download the stuff and then they’ll pipe it to us back into Hawaii at our sensors there and our stations. We’ll have people from all the nations come to Guam. They can either come to Guam and watch the takeoffs and landings, as exciting as that might be, or they can bring people to Hawaii and they can stand around the big TV screen and we’ll let them see all the sensor data that is published and put to us from the MCE at Beale.

This is an opportunity. An opportunity for these countries to reach out and say we want to be involved. We want to be involved in an ability to give you overflight, provide alternative airfields, pick the routes, pick the targets to look at. Things like the Straits of Malacca, the spine of Indonesia and the spine of the Philippines, over Japan, over the traffic control in Japan and Singapore, and up along the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)as well in Korea. There are great opportunities for here.

The countries that we’re engaged in at the moment -- Australia, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, and the more the better for us all. And yes, my A2, my intel guy, along with my A3, the operator out at PACAF, are leading this charge standing side by side, working this ISR piece.

The same platform with sensors is obviously, when it gets bedded down for us, it’s going to help Lt. Gen. Steve Wood mind the store at the DMZ, and Lt. Gen. Mike Wooley as his air commandos work terrorist and internal problems in the Philippines, in other places where they’re asked to come.

You need a place to command and control this, as well as the other platforms, plus a place where nations can join as full members of liaisons to ensure that their nation’s voice is well heard. Ours is the 13th Air Force’s Bong Air Operations Center at the Kinney Headquarters out of Hickam. Lt. Gen. Chip Udderback, the Commander of 13th Air Force, is also the standing JFACC (Joint Force Air Component Commander) for the Pacific and he has a Naval deputy. This AOC (Air Operations Center) has 61 T1 (communications) lines put into it.

Now to put this into perspective, the CAOC (Combined Air Operations Center) with Norto (Lt. Gen. Gary L. North) there at Al Udeid, has 13 T1 lines. The Blue Ridge has three. An aircraft carrier has two T1 lines. So we are prepared for the capacity to do JFACC business and AOC business for the full breadth of the Pacific theater.

Today we have liaisons there in the AOC from several countries; commitments already made from other countries to do so over the next couple of years. But I’ve got to tell you, it’s still not NATO.

If I continue to work on the left end of the war spectrum, my left end meaning the low intensity end, the end where we don’t shoot and kill anybody, the humanitarian end, the ISR end, we will find common areas of agreement and common approaches, the shared problems where we can make progress. We also will learn to trust, respect and yes, we will even advance on our commitment to each other.

This past year the Chief allowed us to run his Title 10 wargame in the forward theater for the first time. The centerpiece of this was a series of small-scale seminars funded by our Air Force but hosted in a foreign country. One such of those was hosted by the Air Chief in Malaysia and it included nine countries. We provided the scenario. We sat on the sideline and participated in the scenario discussion. But they led the discussion. It was a huge success.

The common feedback to us was we need to do more of this. Sit around a tabletop, talk, look at a problem, discuss, talk, argue, talk some more. It is the start of how to solve common problems.

The first two this year, as (Gen.) Tom Hobbins picks up the unified engagement (inaudible) centerpiece, he the Chief, have allowed us to continue these small-scale seminars. We’ll have three. The first two will be in India and in Australia. These discussions will lead to a further desire by our PACAF neighbors to expand their training together with us, often in small exercises, often in Red Flag Alaska where our investment in the ground, building an aggressor squadron and an expansive range complex for worldwide forces will be another great opportunity, along with (Gen.) Ron Keys and his folks in ACC, with Red Flag Nellis.

Today the first F-22 deployment out of ACC in an AEF (Air and Space Expeditionary) bucket is sitting at Hickam Air Force Base. Today is Media Day to introduce the Hickam Honolulu crowd to the F-22. Tomorrow they launch for Kadina Air Base in Okinawa. It is yet another signal of the importance of this AOR.

On Monday, this coming Monday, I’ll go north here to Marietta, Georgia, with Lockheed as I watch the 90th Squadron Commander from Elmendorf take possession of our first F-22 that’s going to be stationed in Alaska and in the Pacific. They will come at us very quickly. We’ll take the squadron to Alaska in early August, ready to do America’s business, stationed in the Pacific with front line, brand new, F-22s.

Let me pause and say a quick and very deep, honest thank you to (Gen.) Ron Keys and the 1st Wing for the efforts that they are doing, hosting, teaching and preparing us through Ready Elmendorf. Ron, thank you very much.

Our three squadrons of Raptors -- two at Elmo integrated with our Reserve brothers; one in Hawaii and the Air National Guard joined by active duty there -- will be in place by 2011.

Just as exciting are the HC-17s that arrived at Hickam this past summer and the eight more that are going to start arriving in June of this year at Elmendorf.

The third corner of what I call a strategic triangle with Alaska and Hawaii is the foundation we have in Guam at Anderson Air Force Base. It’s the future of American projection in the Pacific. It’s eight hours flying time. It’s across the date line from Hawaii. It’s the deepest point under American flag on American soil that we can put our forces to do America’s business.

Back in the 1960s to the early ‘70s, 170 B-52s used to fly to Vietnam from there. The infrastructure has been improved over the decades since and there’s more to come. Bombers, tankers sit there every day on rotation from the mainland in ACC. Global Hawk, as I’ve already mentioned, will arrive soon.

An increasing exercise agenda is on the map. This past summer, in June, we had three carrier battle groups plus several squadrons of our own Air Force fighters there for a huge exercise. It’s coming again. AEF Eagles and Vipers, Japanese F-4s dropping live bombs on American soil, AFSOC (Air Force Special Operations Command) Talons and in ’08 Alaska Raptors will be there.

Monday we stand up in Guam the only Air Force Operations Group that does not have permanently assigned airplanes. We do that at the 36th Wing at Anderson. Guam is shining brightly. Brigadier General Doug Owens is a busy guy.

Lastly, let me highlight three changes we have in Japan. First is the bed-down of an Army PAC-3 battalion at Kadena for air defense. I visited them last week, and it’s interesting to see from having gone to Osan and seen the missiles, the Patriots that are there pointing to the north, it’s interesting to go see PAC-3s sitting at Kadena now guarding that base as well.

Secondly is the move onto Yakota of the Japanese Air Defense Command in 2010. They’ll bring their own AOC. They’ll build a whole new AOC. They are focused on national defense, including ballistic missile defense, and an offer for their Airman families to also move in there to live in housing with us and live side by side, as opposed to living in a Japanese enclave on an American base, stationed in Japanese country.

Lastly, is the standup of Detachment 1, 13th Air Force of the Kinney Headquarters. It is embedded with 5th Air Force in Japan at Yakota to handle all things operational with their air defense command. Yes, (Lt. Gen.) Chip Udderback is our JFACC. He’s the plug to work closely with the USFJ (US Forces Japan) commander in times of crisis in those that are in Japan and those surrounding Japan.

So I ask you again, is the Pacific important? Are there things going on there that should keep us awake at night? Yes, and often they do.

Where does the Air Force play its part in being in the Pacific? A 100% air and space, covering the entire AOR. The ability for flexibility, speed, persistence. Your Air Force can be heavily involved both with platforms as well as in leadership positions.

This is not your father’s PACAF any longer. It’s not the PACAF I went to to fight in Vietnam. It’s not the PACAF I was in in the 1990s as a wing commander and then the 5th Air Force Commander and U.S. Forces Japan commander. This is a new PACAF dedicated to continue the work of Airmen, dedicated to provide American air power to solve the world’s problems in that AOR, and to be a leader there. It is dynamic. The changes are not in the future. The changes are there today.

Thank you for your attention. Thanks for letting me tell you about this great place called PACAF.

[Applause.]

Moderator: That’s great coverage of a very important area of our U.S. forces and our allies. Sir, you were talking about many of the exercises you’re involved in. Can you comment a little bit about how we integrate with our own U.S. forces in the area, our Naval, Marines and Army?

Gen. Hester: I’m proud to say that I believe jointness is alive and well in the Pacific. The Pacific has always had an impression and an attitude that as we are going to work individual problems we in fact will stand up a joint task force. There are several standing and on the shelf joint task forces to do that. Of course they are not just joint in name. Although we assign an individual service to lead these task forces, they are embedded with those who are air power Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Marines over the Pacific.

I think it is important to note, and harking back to mention (Lt. Gen.) Chip Utterback as the JFACC. As a standing JFACC every day he runs every mission that we run, both in SRO missions out in the Pacific; he’s the JTF commander that runs Operation Deep Freeze down on the Pole that has Russian trawlers as well as naval components and air power as a part of that to be support for the National Science Foundation down at Deep Freeze on the South Pole. So I think, and very proudly, to say that jointness is alive and well and your Air Force is fully integrated.

Moderator: A lot of activity on and off in the Korean Peninsula. How do you see our situation there? Do you see it settling down a little bit, or is it going to be a long term concern?

Gen. Hester: There are many questions I think embedded in that. If I can just hit the wave top of a couple of those.

You’ve got to be concerned, you always have to have your eyes available and your intelligence sources out seeking information when someone wants to, last summer, shoot off several missiles, successful launched or unsuccessful, it makes no difference. It means if they were unsuccessful then they want to try again.

Secondly in the fall when they decided they wanted to become a part of the nuclear community, when they tested a nuclear device, it’s always a concern. So it makes you go back into your planning and thinking cycle as to what are their objectives and what kind of message are they in fact sending to us. It makes obviously the other communities and nations in the Pacific very nervous as well out there.

As you might know, another very important piece, Gen. BB Bell who is the Army Commander of U.S. Forces Korea as well as Combined Forces Command (CFC) is working through the issues of the national to national discussion of return of operational control of forces back to the Koreans.

So Gen. Bell has established, in public, that 2009 is when that transfer of OpCon (Operational Control) should go back to the Koreans, meaning that they would in fact have a Korean commander over the top of their ground forces to run the war should there be a war. There is some debate as to whether that will happen in ’09 or out to 2012, which is a Korean established timeline. But nonetheless, that will portend here in the next five years a significant change. A significant change, if operational control goes away, you must ask what happens to the U.S. Forces Korea, what happens to the CFC Command, what happens to 7th Air Force, what is the American position?

Our position has been, of course, that American air power is going to stay on the Korean Peninsula in the same form it is today as long as the Koreans continue to ask us and we have an alliance agreement with them.

So we’re working our way through with the Doctrine Center to how to properly craft this on a slide so we all can understand it with dashes and solid lines as to who’s in control and how we than might blend with an operational commander that might be a Korean. So a lot of work going on over there and (Gen.) Steve Woods right in the middle of it.

Moderator: You mentioned the importance of Guam. Of course we’re looking at large movements of Marines into Guam. Do you see this as being a significant challenge and bed-down along with the other activities that we talked about?

Gen. Hester: A huge challenge. Fig Leaf (Lt. Gen. Daniel P. Leaf) is the Deputy at Commander at PACOM, is in charge of all things Guam at the moment, and when I say that, all things Guam, under his umbrella we are pulling together the building plan that all of us want, all the services would like to have in Guam. By the way that totals up to, the request from the services today is $14 billion. That’s just in MilCon (military construction) to go into Guam over about a ten year period.

We’ve also, we meaning the military, have stood up a Guam Management Office in Washington, D.C. headed by a retired, it’s under the Department of Navy, by the way, because it’s going to be a joint base. That’s a subject for another discussion, another time. All of Guam is going to be a joint base. Headed by the Department of Navy and this office and is run specifically by a retired two star Marine general. They have just visited through Hawaii, gotten all the briefings by my staff, by the Navy staff, the PACOM staff, and they visited Doug Owens, our brigadier general who runs Anderson Air Force Base out there.

The Marines are going to bring 8,000 Marines from Okinawa and they’ll bring another 7,000 to 8,000 family members, so the invasion of Guam has begun with about 16,000 Marines and that is to be completed by about 2014. So once again, in the next five years there’s a lot of work to be done to provide the opportunity, the ability, for them to bed down, to provide me the opportunity to get my Global Hawks bedded down, to free up the MilCon so that we can be on the leading edge of this, build some shelters so that we can in fact on the north side of Anderson Air Force Base build a fighter town there with hangars and shelters that will in fact house any kind of fighter that any U.S. or coalition country would bring in there to put in there as flow-throughs as opposed to butt in so you have to back them in. So there’s a lot of work at Guam ongoing.

Moderator: Thank you, sir, for a great presentation on an always very active area of our forces stationed around many areas and their engagement with our allies there. Your leadership’s been great. Thank you again.

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