The Air Force announced Nov. 6 that the Administration had reached an agreement with Congress over the service’s plan to acquire new KC-767 refueling tankers. The deal would enable USAF to lease 20 and buy 80 of the Boeing aircraft, ending an extended controversy over USAF’s plan to lease all 100 tankers.

Under the terms of the agreement, the Air Force will lease 20 KC-767A aircraft, beginning in 2006. This will allow the service to begin to replace its fleet of aging KC-135s sooner than would have been possible through a traditional acquisition program. USAF will begin its purchase of 80 additional tankers in 2008, with final delivery in 2014.

The service’s acquisition executive, Marvin R. Sambur, said that “details remain to be finalized.” However, he added that the compromise agreement “achieves an appropriate balance between the need to begin tanker recapitalization and the hard fiscal realities of the budgeting process.”

F/A-22 Sails Through Review

The F/A-22 Raptor, the Air Force’s highest procurement priority, passed its most recent Defense Acquisition Board review, paving the way for the award of new contracts.

The review panel in late September concluded that the stealthy fighter’s contractor team “continues to make progress to improve avionics stability,” one of the key developmental stumbling blocks in recent months.

Next up for award are the program’s Lot 4 (production) and Lot 5 (advance procurement) contracts. However, the panel ordered USAF to wait until the program meets designated exit criteria.

Plans call for the panel in February to meet again to further review the F/A-22’s progress, according to a Defense Department information paper.

The panel will then evaluate readiness to enter initial operational test and evaluation, reliability growth plans, exit criteria for the next batch of contract awards, and “survivability against revised estimates of the [future] threat environment.”

27th FS To Get F/A-22s First

The 27th Fighter Squadron, part of the 1st Fighter Wing located at Langley AFB, Va., will be the first Air Force unit to fly operational F/A-22s.

The service announced the decision in October.

The squadron flies F-15C fighters and will begin next year to transition from Eagles to Raptors. The F/A-22 is scheduled to reach initial operational capability in 2005.

Evidently, the squadron’s history played a major role in USAF’s decision to make it the vanguard of F/A-22 deployment.

The 27th in 1941 became the first unit to fly the P-38 Lightning and in 1975 became the first to fly operational F-15s, said Col. Frank Gorenc, wing commander.

If all goes as planned, the three 1st FW squadrons will have made the transition to F/A-22 operations by the end of 2007.

In October, the first operational Raptor, No. 18, arrived at the pilot training schoolhouse at Tyndall AFB, Fla. Raptor pilots will train at Tyndall before returning to Langley.

Moseley: USAF Must Fill the Bins

USAF reconstitution requires a huge infusion of basic items consumed during Gulf War II, said Gen. T. Michael Moseley.

The Air Force vice chief of staff, testifying before the House Armed Services Committee on Oct. 21, said the service must restock depleted supplies of precision weapons—both laser guided and satellite guided types.

Also in the pipeline are new electro-optical Maverick missiles to replace older versions and Wind-Corrected Munitions Dispenser-equipped cluster bombs to restock older cluster bomb units used in the conflict. Other needs include rockets, various small arms, and fuzes.

Moseley said most of these items would be procured through supplemental funding.

Troops Need Reconstitution, Too

As Moseley sees it, the Air Force also needs to reconstitute its personnel to go along with its hardware.

He told the House panel that the equivalent of 7.3 of the Air Force’s 10 Air Expeditionary Forces are, even now, “globally engaged.” Fully eight of the 10 were engaged during Gulf War II.

The force has been so busy for so long that it has fallen well off its training, education, and rotation schedules. USAF needs to get back on track, said Moseley.

The Air Force “must focus on reconstituting capabilities, not just commodities,” he explained.

Air Force leaders are struggling to get back to troop rotations lasting 90 days. The 90-day rotations were suspended at the start of the war and have not been reinstated. Air Force plans call for resumption of the 90-day AEF standard in March.

At that time, said Moseley, Air Force fighter and bomber forces “will be ready to resume normal rotations.” Moreover, added Moseley, “we will have completed the repositioning of our war reserve stocks.”

However, said the vice chief, the Air Force “will not meet the March goal” in certain high-demand career fields because they are engaged in sustained combat operations and are not able to work off their training backlogs in time.

Dyess B-1Bs in Record Surge

A group of 18 B-1B bombers based at Dyess AFB, Tex., surged in October, generating 114 sorties in 68 hours. This was a record rate, Air Force officials said.

Operation Iron Thunder, as the surge exercise was called, ran from Oct. 7 through Oct. 9 and produced 321 simulated bombing runs, according to a service news release.

USAF has “known for a long time” that B-1Bs could strike targets from long range with large payloads, noted Col. Jonathan George, commander of the 7th Bomb Wing at Dyess.

He went on to say that this surge operation “demonstrated the impressive amount of firepower ... that we could potentially unleash on the enemy” in a relatively short period.

If those 114 flights had been actual combat sorties, said George, the B-1Bs could have delivered more than 2,500 Joint Direct Attack Munitions. To deliver that same weapons load, a force of F-16 fighters would need 1,400 sorties.

Jones Says US May Quit Bosnia

US peacekeeping forces may be withdrawn from Bosnia in 2004, reported Marine Corps Gen. James L. Jones.

Jones, the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe and commander of US European Command, made the announcement Oct. 10.

The first US peacekeepers entered Bosnia in December 1995, after the signing of the Dayton peace accords. President Clinton pledged at that time to have all troops out within one year.

Eight years later, about 500 airmen remain in that Balkan nation. The Army has a larger presence in the region—about 1,500 soldiers in Bosnia and 2,200 more in Kosovo.

The exit from Bosnia, if it happens, won’t be duplicated elsewhere in the Balkans. Jones said the Kosovo mission lacks the “maturity” needed to send military peacekeepers home.

US troops have been helping to keep the peace in Kosovo ever since Operation Allied Force in 1999 prompted Serbia to withdraw its forces from the breakaway province.

Perle: USAF Deserves More

Modern trends in warfare mean that the traditional even-thirds allocation of the defense budget may need retooling, with the Air Force getting a larger share, stated Richard Perle, a member of the Defense Policy Board.

Perle argued the case for the Air Force during an Oct. 10 American Enterprise Institute briefing in Washington, D.C.

In recent years, the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force have received roughly even shares of defense funds, though this was not always the case. (See “Footing the Bill for Military Space,” August, p. 54.)

Perle noted that recent operations show that the nation’s military puts “an incredible premium” on speed, flexibility, and precision in weapons systems.

With the United States now building cost-effective weapons that actually “hit the targets,” the Air Force should benefit, he said. That is because airpower forces offer advantages not conferred by ground and naval forces.

Perle noted that USAF can reliably strike targets with systems such as relatively inexpensive Joint Direct Attack Munitions. However, he went on, the service continues to live with a static budget.

Perhaps a better metric for determining defense budget shares would be to emphasize innovative measurements such as “cost per target destroyed,” Perle suggested.
Changing the relative shares of the budget would require overcoming both parochialism and bureaucratic inertia, but would create a more capable military force, Perle concluded.

US Buying Up MANPADS

Trying to get the anti-aircraft weapons off the streets in Iraq, American officials are buying up Stinger-type, man-portable missiles. The US is paying $500 to take a single missile out of circulation.

Various wire service news reports said the US had succeeded in acquiring more than 300 of the missiles by Oct. 8.

Several man-portable air defense system missiles have been fired at US aircraft in Iraq, though no aircraft have been hit. (See “Aerospace World: Missiles Fired at C-141 Departing Baghdad,” November, p. 17.) Gen. John W. Handy, commander of US Transportation Command and Air Mobility Command, has said he views the MANPADS threat as a serious problem.

An Army official noted that the total number of weapons acquired does not include “many hundreds” of anti-aircraft missiles that coalition forces located and destroyed on their own.

According to Army Lt. Col. George Krivo, the going bounty is $500 for a full system and $250 for grip stock or an “a la carte” missile.

China Enters Space Club

The exclusive, two-member manned spaceflight club, formed in 1961, is no more.
China in October joined the United States and Soviet Union (now Russia) as the only nations to have successfully launched a human being into space. Chinese astronaut Lt. Col. Yang Liwei orbited the Earth 14 times during a 21-hour flight that stretched from Oct. 15 through Oct. 16.

In early 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and American astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. made the trip into space within weeks of each other. No other nation has matched those feats—until now.

The spacecraft Shenzhou V blasted off from a launch site located in the Gobi Desert, northwest of Beijing.

The system used to launch Yang is primitive compared to those based on modern US technology. Even so, the event provided a source of tremendous national pride and political support for China’s Communist rulers.

The launch system has been described as comparable to what the superpowers used in the 1950s, during the early days of the “Space Race.”

Chinese officials said they expect their next spaceflight to occur within two years.

Civil Service Changes Slammed

Opponents of proposed Civil Service reforms for DOD employees have launched a grassroots campaign to protect union workers, the Washington Post reported.

Pentagon leaders would like to streamline the way the Defense Department manages its civilian employees. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld seeks legislation that would allow pay-for-performance procedures, faster and easier hirings and firings, and a shorter disciplinary process.

The American Federation of Government Employees, one of the largest unions representing DOD civil service employees, opposes some of the proposals that could affect AFGE’s members.

The union bought radio ads supporting legislation that would limit the changes. The legislation, sponsored by Sen. Susan M. Collins (R-Maine), would, for example, guarantee that DOD civilians, if disciplined, would have access to an external appeals process.

AFGE is also opposed to proposed outsourcing measures that could turn over large numbers of DOD jobs to contractors. According to the Post, the Administration has determined that about 850,000 federal jobs are commercial in nature, meaning they could be candidates for outsourcing.

DOD has about 746,000 civilian employees and for years has led the way in performing competitive outsourcing competitions.

$87 Billion Iraq Bill Passes

Lawmakers in both houses on Nov. 3 agreed to President Bush’s $87 billion request for security and reconstruction requirements in Afghanistan and Iraq. The vast majority of the money—$67 billion—goes to finance American military efforts in the region.

The other $20 billion actually turned out to be the most controversial. It is earmarked for reconstruction in Afghanistan and Iraq, with the greater portion—more than $18 billion—going to rebuilding efforts in Iraq. Lawmakers were bitterly divided over whether this money should be provided in the form of a grant or a loan.

The House had followed Bush’s request that the money be provided as a grant, but the Senate wanted roughly half the funds to be provided as loans that would be repaid out of future Iraqi oil revenues. After the White House threatened to veto the bill if the Senate amendment was included, lawmakers dropped the provision.

Weapons Dumps Pose Threat

Coalition forces in Iraq face a daunting task: securing and cleaning up more than 100 large weapons dumps holding perhaps as much as a million tons of ammunition.

Officials are attempting to clean up and secure the locations quickly to prevent terrorists and others hostile to the United States from laying hands on the weapons.
According to Army Brig. Gen. Robert L. Davis, the chief US military engineer in Iraq, more than 105 large dumps have been identified across the nation, and “we find new caches every day.”

“I have no idea how many there are,” in all, Davis said, according to Knight Ridder News Service.

A large dump is defined as one containing more than 100 weapons bunkers. Some of those in Iraq have up to 700 open pits containing artillery shells and other munitions. And smaller weapons loads abound.

The cleanup process continues and is massive. Davis said that contractors had destroyed more than 2.5 million pounds of ammunition between mid-September and mid-October.

Overseas Base Closures Eyed

The Pentagon plans further cuts and shifts in US overseas bases before it proceeds with the 2005 base closure round, said a senior Defense Department official on Oct. 6.

The Pentagon is reworking budgets to shift money away from “nonenduring” overseas bases, noted Raymond F. DuBois, deputy under- secretary of defense for installations and environment.

In a speech at the Association of the US Army’s annual convention, DuBois reported that millions of dollars in military construction funds are being diverted to bases with critical missions in the “global basing” structure.

For example, he said, 26 projects in Germany worth $280 million were canceled in Fiscal 2003 and 2004. Funding was then directed to 18 new projects in the United States.

BRAC Is Looming

Two years before the next scheduled round of base realignment and closure, BRAC-mania has reached a fever pitch, with numerous communities taking actions they hope will protect their local bases and their associated jobs and benefits.

In October, Pentagon officials scrambled to knock down an inflammatory Los Angeles Times report that DOD planned to close at least 100 of the nation’s 425 military installations.

A spokesman noted that DOD intends to cut basing capacity by 25 percent, which is not the same as cutting bases by 25 percent, because of the huge disparity in the size and efficiency of various installations.

However, DOD does not deny the closures must come, given that billions of dollars are wasted on a base infrastructure that has not been reduced nearly in proportion to cuts in active duty force structure.

USAF Battening Down for BRAC

With an eye to the upcoming base closure round, USAF is cautioning commanders to be careful about accepting new missions on Air Force bases.

In August, the service’s top uniformed official for installations and logistics, as well as the assistant Air Force secretary for installations, environment, and logistics, penned a cautionary memo on beddown actions.

Lt. Gen. Michael E. Zettler and Nelson F. Gibbs noted that “an increasing number of organizations both in and out of the Department of Defense have sought to place new units or missions on Air Force installations.” Because of the pending BRAC efforts, they wrote, “it is particularly important to be sensitive to actions that may create an improper impression of Air Force intentions.”

The memo went on to point out that force structure changes, new missions, and construction projects do not “insulate” a facility from realignment or closure under BRAC.

News Notes

• USAF’s Class A aviation mishap rate for Fiscal 2003 showed a drop from 2002, while Army and Navy rates increased. USAF had a rate of 1.39 accidents for every 100,000 hours of flying time, down from the 1.48 rate in 2002. The Army had a rate of 2.91 accidents in 2003, vs. 2.51 in Fiscal 2002. The Navy had a rate of 2.25 accidents in 2003, vs. 1.76 in 2002. The Marines had an aviation mishap rate of 2.79 for 2003, down from 3.89 in 2002.
• Pakistan on Oct. 14 launched a nuclear-capable Hatf 4 missile—the second recent test of the 435-mile- range missile that is capable of hitting New Delhi and other targets inside India. Pakistan informed India of the test beforehand.
• USAF reactivated the 64th Aggressor Squadron Oct. 3 at Nellis AFB, Nev. Since 1990, aggressor pilots had been serving in the 414th Combat Training Squadron, which runs Red Flag.
• In October USAF awarded Lockheed Martin $560 million in contracts to launch seven US military satellites into space. The contracts were originally awarded to Boeing, but USAF stripped them from Boeing in July as a penalty for ethics violations during the 1998 evolved expendable launch vehicle competition.
• USAF search and rescue missions and assets formally transferred to Air Force Special Operations Command from Air Combat Command Oct. 1 at Moody AFB, Ga. AFSOC gains 7,000 people and more than 100 fixed- and rotor-wing aircraft from ACC.
• Airmen can now complete personnel record reviews online through the virtual military personnel flight. They may correct errors through the links provided. For more information, contact the local military personnel flight or commander’s support staff.
• USAF plans to use private contractors to handle routine information technology operations at its Stateside bases, according to Federal Computer Week. The outsourcing move is intended to help free up airmen for the warfighting mission. The service expects to complete a study next year that will identify what IT equipment and operations it can outsource.
• India signed an agreement Oct. 10 to buy Israeli airborne early warning radars, reported the Washington Post. The contract is estimated to be worth $1 billion, perhaps the largest arms contract between the two nations. Pakistan views the deal as a step toward a regional arms race.
• The remains of three airmen and a Coast Guard pilot on an Air Force exchange program who were missing in action from the Vietnam War have been identified and will be sent to their families for burial, DOD officials said Sept. 29. The airmen are: SSgt. Elmer L. Holden, Oklahoma City; Sgt. James D. Locker, Sidney, Ohio; and Capt. Richard C. Yeend Jr., Mobile, Ala. Lt. Jack Rittichier of Barberton, Ohio, had been the only Coast Guardsman MIA in the Vietnam War.
• Congress has funded creation of a dozen new Civil Support Teams in Fiscal 2004, bringing the total number of currently authorized teams to 44. Each team includes 22 Air and Army National Guard members trained to identify and respond to nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological incidents. No information on location of the additional teams was available. There is a push by some lawmakers to authorize enough teams to have one in each state.
• The new Air Force Expeditionary Service Ribbon recognizes active duty, Guard, and Reserve who served in support of an air expeditionary deployment after Oct. 1, 1999, and deployed for either 45 consecutive days or 90 nonconsecutive days.
• The National Imagery and Mapping Agency awarded a five-year, $500 million contract to DigitalGlobe Inc., Longmont, Colo., for next generation commercial satellite imagery. The NextView contract, which runs through 2008, provides for greater access plus more advanced capability and capacity than previous contracts, according to a DOD release.
• Pilot failure to follow emergency checklist procedures for a failed hydraulic pump caused a collision of an F-16CG with a parked F-16 at a forward operating location June 15, according to an Air Combat Command report. Returning from a six-hour mission, the pilot continued taxiing after landing, depleting the hydraulic accumulators. Complete loss of brakes and steering capability resulted. One maintenance person was injured. Damage to both aircraft and ground equipment was estimated at $3.2 million.
• An AETC accident investigation report concluded that a bird strike caused the crash of an F-16 June 13 at Luke AFB, Ariz. Shortly after takeoff, the fighter’s single engine ingested a turkey vulture and lost thrust. The pilot was unable to regain thrust and realized he couldn’t land the aircraft safely, so he headed it away from airfield buildings. The pilot, who was assigned to the 61st Fighter Squadron at Luke, ejected safely, and the airplane crashed in the desert.
• The Department of Homeland Security was to begin test flights of unmanned aerial vehicles late this fall at Ft. Huachuca and Gila Bend, Ariz., for possible use in security patrols along the US-Mexican border, reported the Arizona Daily Star.
• Test teams at Edwards AFB, Calif., recently installed, for the first time, three integrated defensive systems on a C-130J. The systems were a radar warning receiver, a countermeasures dispensing system, and a missile warning system. The added capabilities will enhance the situational awareness in a threat environment.
• A T-38A Talon aircraft crashed on takeoff at Sheppard AFB, Tex., on Oct. 14. The aircraft was assigned to the 80th Flying Training Wing. Both crewmembers ejected. They were taken to the base hospital and later released. An accident board is investigating.
• Air Mobility Command officially reactivated 18th Air Force Oct. 1, at Scott AFB, Ill. The 15th Air Force, Travis AFB, Calif., and 21st Air Force, McGuire AFB, N.J., were redesignated as expeditionary mobility task forces. (See “Aerospace World: AMC To Reorganize,” October, p. 14.)
• Housing upgrades at Bagram and Kandahar Air Bases in Afghanistan mean troops will soon live in B huts and modular housing instead of plywood-buttressed tents. The new units, which will offer more personal living space, refrigerators, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical outlets, are part of five- to eight-year plans to improve facilities in Afghanistan and could portend a lengthy stay, according to the European Stars and Stripes. The modular units being built at Kandahar resemble trailers and will have indoor plumbing with showers and toilets. Other improvements at Bagram include a new laundry facility and athletic field.
• The last C-141 airlifter to undergo programmed depot maintenance left Robins AFB, Ga., Oct. 16, with a special ceremony, on its way to March ARB, Calif. Only three units still have C-141s: the 305th Air Mobility Wing at McGuire AFB, N.J., 452nd AMW at March, and 445th Airlift Wing at Wright–Patterson AFB, Ohio. The units are slated to convert to other airlift missions before USAF retires the last C-141s in 2006, after some 40 years of service.