February 2000 Vol. 83, No. 2
By Peter Grier,
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Pentagon Releases F-22 Funds
The Department of Defense released $1.2 billion for the F-22
program Dec. 10, following an internal review of the program's
status led by DoD acquisition chief Jacques S. Gansler.
The money will allow the Air Force to buy six more F-22 airframes,
currently designated as production representative test vehicles,
at a cost of $805 million. Air Force officials will also be able
to plunk down $275 million for long-lead items for a follow-on
batch of 10 more aircraft.
The bottom line of the action is that the efforts by some
in Congress to eliminate or alter the F-22 program have come
to naught, for the moment. The program must meet a number of
demanding criteria if it is to continue on track for next year,
however.
Delivery of the production representative test vehicles is
scheduled to continue through 2002. The follow-on aircraft, the
first F-22s designated as production airframes, are scheduled
to begin rolling off the assembly line in early 2003.
Fighting Forces Ready, Says Cohen
US forces that would be first sent to a conflict are indeed
ready to fight, said Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen in
late November.
Low readiness ratings for two Army divisions-the 1st Infantry
and the 10th Mountain-reflected the fact that some of their units
were deployed in Bosnia and Kosovo, said Cohen. Commanding officers
were worried that these elements would not be able to disengage
from their Balkans duties and move to another trouble spot, as
needed to meet war requirements.
"All our forward deployed forces still are in a very
high state of readiness, the highest, because they are the ones
who may be called upon to go into battle," Cohen told the
American Forces Press Service.
The Army is changing its reporting procedures to take dual-mission
units into account, said officials. The Defense Department is
also drawing up plans to compress the time it takes to retrain
and redeploy units.
Balkans commitments have worn on the Air Force, as well. Air
Force units will not have fully recovered from the exertions
of Operation Allied Force for almost a year or even longer.
Last October Gen. John P. Jumper, commander of US Air Forces
in Europe, told a House Armed Services subcommittee, "The
Air Force is expected to return to full strength again by March
1, 2000, barring any new contingencies."
Then, in late December, Gen. (sel.) Gregory S. Martin, who
replaced Jumper at USAFE last month, told Defense Week, "We're
another six months away from seeing the majority of the force
begin to see a climb [in mission capable rates]."
Martin agreed that at that rate the Air Force will not return
to its preKosovo readiness levels until fall 2000. Thus,
it will have taken the service 16 months to retrain and replenish
stocks following a conflict that was just over two months long.
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UN Tribunal
Drops Investigation of NATO for War Crimes
The staff of the UN war crimes tribunal spent four months
studying whether NATO commanders and pilots violated international
law in their conduct of air operations against Yugoslavia last
year.
The investigation and its preliminary report came to light
Dec. 26 after the chief war crimes prosecutor, Carla Del Ponte
of Switzerland, told a British newspaper that she was evaluating
the report and was prepared to seek indictments if the evidence
was incriminating.
A tribunal spokesman, Paul Risley, told The New York Times
that "it is very important for this tribunal to assert its
authority over any and all parties to the armed conflict within
the former Yugoslavia."
The Times described the report as "a legal analysis of
the basis for bringing charges of war crimes for NATO activities
like the bombing of civilian power stations and bridges, which
NATO said had military uses." The allegations also cited
instances when civilians were killed or injured.
On Dec. 29, the White House denounced the investigation, saying
that NATO had taken "extraordinary efforts to minimize collateral
damage" and that "any inquiry into the conduct of its
pilots would be completely unjustified."
On Dec. 30, Del Ponte backed away from her earlier readiness
to seek indictments and issued a statement saying that "NATO
is not under investigation" and that "there is no formal
inquiry into the actions of NATO."
Officials at tribunal headquarters at The Hague in the Netherlands
sought to minimize the importance of the report. According to
Risley, it will be filed for historians if Del Ponte does not
press charges.
Michael Mandel, a law professor at York University in Toronto,
said that in November, he and his colleagues gave Del Ponte "three
thick volumes of evidence" against NATO leaders, who he
said "are as guilty" of war crimes as Serbian leader
Slobodan Milosevic is.
The Pentagon said the prosecutor's office had not sought any
information from the Department of Defense in preparing its report.
The tribunal staff began its inquiry in August at the direction
of the former chief prosecutor, Louise Arbour, who is an appeals
court judge in Ontario and was formerly a law professor at York
University. The staff has received accusations against NATO from
the Serbs, Western journalists and academicians, and members
of the Russian Duma.
The war crimes tribunal was set up in 1993 by the UN Security
Council. Its charter is to bring charges against individuals,
not governments. There is considerable enthusiasm in the international
community for establishing more such bodies, but the ArbourDel
Ponte affair will probably intensify resistance in the United
States.
Ninety-two nations have already signed a treaty to create
a UN International Criminal Court modeled on the war crimes tribunal.
Even though the United States has not signed this treaty, US
citizens would be subject to arrest and trial. Of special concern
is the possibility of politically motivated prosecution of members
of the armed forces stationed abroad.
In an action filed formally with yet another UN organization,
the International Court of Justice, Yugoslavia on Jan. 4 accused
the NATO nations of interfering with its internal affairs and
violating its national sovereignty. The United States does not
recognize the jurisdiction of this court. The other NATO nations
have until June to respond to Yugoslavia's suit.
-John T. Correll
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NATO Details Kosovo Progress
Though instances of ethnic violence are still occurring in
Kosovo, NATO says significant reconstruction progress has been
made in the nominally Serbian province since the end of Operation
Allied Force in June.
The presence of allied troops is what has made progress possible,
said German Lt. Gen. Klaus Reinhardt, commander of the Kosovo
peacekeeping operation, at a NATO defense ministers meeting in
Brussels, Belgium, on Dec. 2. The Kosovo force is now made up
of almost 50,000 personnel, from 24 different countries.
NATO's winterization project-which aims at enabling all Kosovar
families to heat at least one room of their homes-is 70 percent
complete, said Reinhardt. In addition, more than 810,000 refugees
had returned to the province as of early December. At the height
of Serb forces' cleansing campaign against ethnic Albanians in
Kosovo, some 1.4 million people had fled or were hiding in the
hills.
NATO troops have removed mines and unexploded ordnance from
544 schools. Ordnance teams had cleared 7,400 bomblets, 6,130
anti-personnel mines, and 3,400 anti-tank mines by last November.
Revenge attacks against Serbian Kosovars continue. But the
situation is much improved, claimed Reinhardt. When NATO moved
in last summer the murder rate in Kosovo was an estimated 190
per 100,000 people. Today the rate is 25 per 100,000, Reinhardt
said.
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Honk if You Hate Tricare
Long waiting lines. Few doctors. Slow pay. Oceans of red tape.
Everybody, it seems, has a complaint about Tricare, the Defense
Department's embattled managed care health system. In the Dec.
20 Washington Times, one could find these comments:
Sen. Trent Lott (R-Miss.), majority leader, in a December
letter to President Clinton:
"The military medical and dental care system still does
not provide benefits to all that have earned them and is possibly
the single most important item affecting the quality of life
of our service members, their families, and our retirees. ...
Today, there are the same number of potential beneficiaries,
some 8 million, as when we began the downsizing almost 10 years
ago. But the resources allocated to military health care have
decreased dramatically. We can no longer squeeze blood from this
stone. Our servicemen and -women, their families, and our retirees
deserve better."
Col. Chuck Partridge, USA (Ret.), legislative counsel for
the National Association for Uniformed Services:
"The government has broken its promise. As an officer,
I used to talk the troops into staying beyond their two-year
commitment. 'You have this great health care program you never
lose.' I figured I was telling the truth and I wasn't."
Capt. Stephen Pietropaoli, spokesman for Army Gen. Henry H.
Shelton, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:
"It [Tricare] is certainly in the sights of the Chairman
and the service chiefs for the year ahead because we see it as
having a direct effect on our overall readiness, based upon retention
and recruiting. ... There's no clear plan on this yet. We're
working closely with the Secretary of Defense. ... If there's
a lightning rod for concern and criticism from the troops, it's
the Tricare system. It's not so much the quality of care once
you break the code and get in the system. ... We've got really
good health care providers. ... But when the system makes it
so difficult to access your own medical care, there is something
wrong."
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Tensions Persist in Balkans, SACEUR Says
Kosovo may be quieter, but tensions persist in other parts
of the Balkans, US Army Gen. Wesley K. Clark, Supreme Allied
Commander Europe, noted at a Dec. 9 Pentagon press conference.
New trouble is brewing in Montenegro, a proWestern republic
of the rump Yugoslavia that is south of Bosnia and west of Kosovo.
Montenegrin leaders have taken steps aimed at greater independence
from Serbia, Yugoslavia's largest republic. Serb leader Slobodan
Milosevic responded initially with intimidation tactics.
On Dec. 8, Milosevic sent Serb troops to seize control of
Montenegro's main airport. Trucks blocked the runway and soldiers
seized the control tower, briefly banning all flights.
"We are seeing a whole series of low-level, but worrisome,
developments as we watch the pattern of Serb activities in this
area," said Clark. "We don't pretend to know what Mr.
Milosevic's final intent is. We are certainly watching very closely."
In late December, news reports stated that Milosevic said
Montenegro may leave Yugoslavia if its citizens vote to do so.
Montenegrin officials had announced plans for a referendum in
2000.
Bosnia-riven by civil war and now controlled by an allied
peacekeeping force-remains stable. Armed forces from the country's
two entities, the Serbdominated Republic of Srpska and a
Bosnian/Croatpopulated federation, are working together
in a more cooperative manner than ever before, said Clark.
"They've just agreed on a 15 percent reduction in their
armed forces, and the initial reductions toward that have been
taken," he said.
Some 60,000 Bosnian refugees returned in 1999. NATO forces
took 28 war criminals into detention, and more surrendered voluntarily.
Electoral and security problems remain.
"Economic development and illegal institutions are two
areas that are of the greatest concern right now," said
Clark. "The unemployment rate's over 40 percent."
When NATO troops entered Bosnia after the signing of the Dayton
peace accords in December 1995 they numbered some 60,000. Since
then they have been reduced to 30,000 and are scheduled to fall
to 20,000 in spring 2000.
About 6,200 US troops remain in Bosnia. That number is slated
to drop to 3,900 by spring.
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Twenty
Questions and the F-22
In its Dec. 20 issue, Defense Week published an interview
with Maj. Gen. Claude M. Bolton Jr., the Air Force acquisition
program executive officer for fighters and bombers. He had this
to say about the F-22's avionics, a focus of concern and criticism
on Capitol Hill:
"I mentioned the avionics bird, 4004. The avionics that
goes into it has already been flight-tested today on the flying
test bed, a converted [Boeing] 757. Prior to that, it was in
a ground-based laboratory, one in Seattle and the other one down
in Fort Worth [Texas]. Prior to that, it was in subcontractors.
And everything's coming along so well that we are maintaining
schedules that people told us a year ago, 'You can't do, you're
going to slip, you're going to have problems.'
"Every time we sit down with folks who have been through
this many, many times, with a great deal of experience, people
I highly respect, they do the old 20 questions. They go through
it all, and they just cannot find anything that we have not done
and done correctly. So as a consequence there's a good possibility
that we'll end up going through the avionics portion of this
with far fewer problems than we ourselves even anticipate today."
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Yes, Yes, But What Else Have You
Done?
Darleen A. Druyun, top USAF acquisition official, appeared
Dec. 7 before a House subcommittee. She was asked whether the
F-22 actually had been ready for production at the time that
the House defense appropriations subcommittee was voting last
summer to delay the program. She said:
"Yes, it [the F-22] absolutely was ready to enter into
low-rate initial production of six airplanes. We have demonstrated
supercruise. We have conducted weapons-bay open testing. By the
end of December, it will have 500 flight-hours of testing. ...
Thousands of hours of subsystem and component and subcomponent
testing ... have taken place to date. We've been able to demonstrate
high angle of attack, post-stall flight with thrust vectoring.
We've demonstrated flight at 50,000 feet, and we've greatly expanded
the flying envelope of the F-22. The fact remains, all of the
criteria established in 1998 [by DoD officials], we satisfied."
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Navy and Marines Need to Grow,
Think Tank Says
The US Navy and Marine Corps need more weapons platforms if
they are to be contributors to future military operations, according
to a new study from the Lexington Institute in Arlington, Va.
"Naval strike is executed by a variety of sea-based,
air, surface, and submarine platforms, a third of which are routinely
forward deployed," said the study. "But increasingly,
there are not enough platforms. No matter how capable the submarine,
aircraft carrier, destroyer, or plane, they cannot be in two
places at once," said the study.
The Navy's carrier fleet, at 12, is three short of meeting
minimum forward presence requirements, claimed the study. It
urged the Navy to increase shipbuilding rates so that it can
maintain at least a 300-ship fleet.
A possible shortage of attack submarines leads the study to
suggest conversion of some retiring ballistic missile "boomers"
into tactical missile shooters.
The Marines, for their part, need more V-22 Osprey tiltrotor
aircraft to speed movement from carriers inland. A gunship variant
of the V-22 would be particularly useful, said the report.
Anthrax Program Faces More Problems
The Pentagon's controversial effort to vaccinate all members
of the US military against anthrax just keeps running into problems.
First, it was some service personnel refusing the shots, saying
they believed the vaccine's efficacy and safety remain unproven.
Now, a new anthrax vaccine production plant has failed to pass
an FDA inspection-leading the Department of Defense to postpone
the second phase of vaccinations for at least six months.
On Dec. 13, DoD officials announced that only troops deploying
to the high-threat areas of Korea and the Persian Gulf will receive
shots. It could take up to a year for the sole US producer of
the vaccine, Bioport Corp., of Lansing, Mich., to bring its new
high-volume facility on line.
"Frankly, it has been more difficult than the department
and Bioport expected to move from a small state-regulated production
facility to a large, modern production facility that meets the
state-of-the-art FDA requirements," said Sue Bailey, assistant
secretary of defense for health affairs.
The old facility-since torn down to make way for the new one-rolled
out only 2,000 doses per month. The new one is expected to produce
a maximum of 400,000 per month.
An FDA inspection found about 30 deficiencies in the new plant
that must be addressed before it can be certified. Until then,
the Pentagon will use a stockpile of one million doses produced
at the old facility for high-priority inoculations.
So far 383,000 personnel have received the anthrax shots,
according to DoD. Officials estimate the Pentagon is currently
using about 75,000 per month to handle troops deploying to the
high-threat areas.
Boeing Unveils JSF Demonstrators
Boeing showed off its X-32 Joint Strike Fighter concept demonstrators
in public for the first time Dec. 14. An estimated 5,500 people
watched via live satellite feed when the gray aircraft-not yet
ready for flight-were rolled out at Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale,
Calif. (Photo on p. 17.)
The X-32A flight demonstrator will be used to test conventional
landing and takeoff capabilities for the US Air Force and carrier
approaches for the US Navy, said Boeing officials. The slightly
different X-32B will be used to demonstrate short takeoff/vertical
landing requirements for the US Marines and the Royal Air Force
and Navy.
The airplanes will be ready for flight this spring, said Boeing,
following engine and flight-control tests.
Boeing and Lockheed Martin are both working on JSF demonstrators.
The Defense Department is scheduled to select a winner in early
2001 for a program that could be worth upward of $750 billion
over the next 30 years.
Cohen Puts Off Cuts in Army
Guard, Reserve
On Dec. 20, Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced
that he is deferring implementation of a further 25,000-person
reduction in Army Reserve component end strength called for by
the 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review. QDRrecommended cuts
of 17,000 people in the Army National Guard and 3,000 in the
Army Reserve have already been carried out. Three factors compelled
him to make his decision, Cohen said.
For one, the Guard and Reserve are playing an increasingly
important role in Total Force operations. Today the Defense Department
cannot sustain operations anywhere in the world without calling
on the National Guard and Reserve, said Cohen.
Another factor was new Army Chief of Staff Gen. Eric K. Shinseki's
re-examination of his service's structure and missions, with
an eye toward constructing an Army of the future. He is also
redesigning Army Guard divisions. Any cuts to Guard and Reserve
forces could hinder these initiatives, noted Cohen.
Finally, another QDR is coming up-results are scheduled for
release in 2001-and will "provide another opportunity to
analyze existing circumstances and future requirements."
The prospective reductions had been drawing increasing opposition
from a wide spectrum of sources. Senate Majority Leader Trent
Lott (R-Miss.) sent Cohen a letter in November opposing the reductions.
If the Defense Department insisted on asking for the cuts, wrote
Lott, he would insist on proportionate reductions-in other words,
the active force would suffer, along with the Guard and Reserve.
A bipartisan group of 58 senators sent a similar missive on
Dec. 7. The National Governors' Association also opposed the
plan.
Military associations were pleased at Cohen's deferral decision.
"Defense Secretary William Cohen's reasons for delaying
the cuts of 25,000 were the same ones contained in a historic
letter from the three associations to him this summer,"
noted Gen. Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.), president of the Association
of the United States Army.
Deal Offered in Chinese Embassy
Bombing
US officials struck a bargain with the Chinese government
Dec. 16 that calls for the payment of $28 million in compensation
for the bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia,
during Operation Allied Force.
China, in turn, agreed to pay the US nearly $2.9 million for
damage done to the US Embassy in Beijing by antiAmerican
demonstrations in the wake of the bombing.
Three people were killed and 27 wounded in what was one of
Allied Force's worst instances of collateral damage. The US has
already settled on a separate $4.5 million payment to the families
of the deceased.
US officials called the bombing a tragic mistake, saying out-of-date
maps and a chain of human error led to targeting a building that
should have been off-limits for allied bombs. The Chinese government
has been reluctant to accept this explanation, and anger over
the incident remains widespread in China.
DoE Says Stockpile Stewardship
Is OK
A Department of Energy review released Dec. 10 said that DoE's
stockpile stewardship program-an effort to maintain the safety
and efficacy of the nation's nuclear arsenal without nuclear
testing-has proved effective.
Stockpile stewardship officials have completed both specific
science tasks and developed a management structure that improves
the certification process, said the report.
"Every year we've seen important advances in the science
and capabilities needed to maintain these weapons without nuclear
testing, and we believe this progress will continue," said
Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson.
Among the accomplishments the stockpile stewardship report
cites are:
Delivery of refurbished W87 Peacekeeper warheads to DoD.
Development and deployment of the B61-11 bomb, replacing the
less-safe B53.
Renewed production of neutron generators, a component of all
nuclear weapons.
Initiation of life extension studies for the W76 Trident missile
warhead and W80 strategic cruise missile warhead.
Assurance of a continued supply of tritium, a radioactive
gas used in nuclear weapons that must be occasionally replenished.
Among the tasks still ahead are recruitment of a new generation
of scientists to work in DoE's nuclear programs, said the report.
USAF Releases Review of Launch
Failures
A premature shift in attention from existing launch programs
to the next-generation Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles is
one of the underlying causes of the recent string of US space
launch failures, according to an Air Force-led review.
Both the US government and the contractors involved curtailed
essential fly-out activities as they began looking to future
systems, concluded the broad area review, which was headed by
retired Gen. Larry D. Welch, former Air Force Chief of Staff.
Yet the US cannot afford such a "going out of business"
mind-set, said officials involved in the review. Some $20 billion
in national assets is still scheduled for launch on older expendable
launch vehicle systems.
"A significant amount of resources and operational capability
remain associated with the fly-out programs," concluded
the review.
President Clinton has already ordered Secretary of Defense
William S. Cohen to implement the recommendations of the DoD
Assessment of Space Launch Failures report. These include:
- The government must make sure that industry fixes the technical
causes of the failures and improves systems engineering and process
discipline.
- There must be clear accountability for mission success.
- The government needs a well-defined and disseminated plan
for the transition to EELV use.
Ryan Praises Pacific Air Forces
Pacific Air Forces will stay just the way it is, according
to Chief of Staff Gen. Michael E. Ryan. PACAF is vital to stability
in a part of the world that is critical to US national security-and
becoming more important by the day.
That means no major changes in force structure.
"The ability to rapidly reinforce, particularly in Korea,
from PACAF bases is critical and will be for a long time to come,"
said Ryan on a December visit to Hickam AFB, Hawaii.
The roll out of the Expeditionary Aerospace Force is going
well so far, the Chief added.
Four Aerospace Expeditionary Forces had deployed or were in
the process of deploying by midDecember, he said. It is
a concept that continues to be refined.
"AEFs five and six will be the first to use team effort
in our expeditionary combat support elements," said Ryan.
"That is, instead of having Palace Tenure select people
from all over the world and show up as 35 individual firefighters,
we will have units come forward [that] have worked together before."
(Palace Tenure is the program that manages the selection of individuals,
as opposed to units, needed to support contingency operations.)
The Chief said he continues to work on bolstering combat support
for expeditionary units, via use of both Guard and Reserve, as
well as active duty, personnel.
"We're adding 3,200 manpower positions to the combat
support piece of our Air Force so that we don't take too large
a chunk away from a base at any one time," he said.
The Charter Chiefs Remember
Charter chiefs celebrated the 40th anniversary of the establishment
of the rank of chief master sergeant in the Air Force at a reunion
dinner at Offutt AFB, Neb., last November.
Before Dec. 1, 1958, the highest grade that any enlisted person
in the military could attain was E-7. But Congress, concerned
about promotion stagnation, passed a career compensation act
that allowed all the services to promote 2 percent of their enlisted
force into a new E-8 grade and 1 percent into E-9.
Thus senior master sergeants and chief master sergeants were
born.
Retired CMSgt. James Flaschenriem began his military career
as an Army Air Corps corporal. He never expected to last long
in the armed services-but in 1958 he was one of the chosen few.
He was 31 years old and had 11 years of service. At first,
no one knew what to make of his new rank.
"We were just another sergeant," Flaschenriem said.
"We weren't addressed as chiefs. At that time, there were
still [Air Force] warrant officers on duty and they were referred
to as 'chief.' "
Retired CMSgt. Theodore Brewer was another charter chief,
one of the first selected. At the time he was with the 2nd Air
Force inspector general team at Laughlin AFB, Texas.
The evening the first list came out, the base commander had
all of Brewer's uniforms taken to the parachute shop for his
new stripes to be sewn on. He walked out of his door, resplendent
in his new rank, early the next day.
Not that his colleagues were necessarily impressed. "When
we first made chief, they didn't know what to do with us,"
Brewer said.
Don't Ask, Don't Tell:
"Out of Whack"?
In a Dec. 11 interview with CBS News Radio, President Bill
Clinton said the controversial Defense Department policy on homosexuals
in the military, "don't ask, don't tell," is not working
as intended.
"The reason that I went for don't ask, don't tell [in
1993] is that it's all I could do, because I had a clear signal
from the Congress that, if I implemented my policy, they would
reverse it by overwhelming majorities. I didn't implement don't
ask, don't tell until the Senate voted 68-32 against the policy
that I wanted. So I think it's very important-for me, what's
important is that the policy, as implemented, does not work as
I announced it and as the leaders of our military at that time
in '93 pledged to implement it. ... So what I would like to do
is to focus on trying to make the policy that we announced back
in '93 work the way it was intended to, because it's way-it's
out of whack, now, and I don't think any serious person can say
it's not."
His statement came four days after First Lady Hillary Clinton
told a group of gay campaign contributors in New York that if
she is elected to the Senate, she will work to allow gay men
and lesbians to serve openly in the armed forces.
Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced Dec. 13 that
the Pentagon Inspector General would conduct a spot-check survey
to determine whether a harassing climate exists in the armed
forces in regard to gay members and whether this is condoned
by the command. The IG is to report back within 90 days.
Although harassment will not be tolerated, Cohen said Dec.
15 that "I do not expect the policy to be changed, certainly
not during this Administration." In two media opportunities
in December, Cohen expressed the policy as "don't ask, don't
tell, don't harass."
The major Presidential candidates all took positions on the
issue. Vice President Al Gore and former Sen. Bill Bradley would
allow homosexuals to serve openly. Sen. John McCain and Texas
Gov. George W. Bush support the present don't ask, don't tell
policy.
Gore initially went even further, saying twice on Jan. 5 that
he would "insist, before appointing anybody to the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, that that individual support my policy. And,
yes, I would make it a requirement." He backtracked from
that position Jan. 7, saying that he had been misunderstood.
The controversy has been the subject of newspaper editorials
from coast to coast, with the overwhelming majority of them calling
for an end to discrimination against gays and lesbians in the
military.
By amazing coincidence, the Labor Government in Great Britain
told The Times of London on Dec. 13 that it would move to end
the ban on homosexuals in British armed forces, which it did
officially on Jan. 12.
-John T. Correll
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Dyess Gets Upgraded B-1 Bombers
The first Block D upgraded B-1 bombers have started to arrive
at the 28th Bomb Squadron, Dyess AFB, Texas. The improvements,
carried out at the Oklahoma Air Logistics Center, Tinker AFB,
Okla., give the Lancer near-precision weapons and advanced secure
communications capabilities.
"This means more to us than just a Block D upgrade,"
said Col. Douglas Raaberg, 7th Operations Group commander. "This
is the biggest change since Dyess received the first B-1 more
than 13 years ago."
Without the improved weapons and targeting systems of Block
D, Lancers are capable of dropping only dumb iron bombs. With
near-precision capability, the B-1 becomes a much more flexible
tool for national command authorities. Minor upgrades in the
future will also give the aircraft the capability to carry precision
2,000-pound Joint Direct Attack Munitions.
In addition to the Block D upgrade, the B-1s will receive
a towed decoy system that deploys in flight and is intended to
lure incoming missiles away from the aircraft.
The first Block D aircraft was delivered to the 28th Bomb
Squadron in November. Dyess was projected to have four Block
D B-1s, with the new decoy system already installed, by the end
of January. All Lancers based at the Texas installation are scheduled
to be upgraded by May 2004.
The 28th is the B-1 community's only formal aircrew training
unit, and it will soon have the opportunity to spread its Block
D knowledge around the country. "The other B-1 bases are
asking us to send them Block D qualified people," said Maj.
Matt Bartlett, chief of wing standardization and evaluation.
"Having the upgraded planes here allows us to train these
aircrews and send Ellsworth AFB [S.D.], Mountain Home AFB [Idaho],
McConnell AFB [Kan.], and Robins AFB [Ga.] Block D qualified
people."
Crash Landing in Kuwait Kills
Three
Three Air Force members were killed and 17 others injured
when an Air Force C-130 attempted to land at Al Jaber AB, Kuwait,
on Dec. 10. It made an emergency landing at Kuwait City IAP,
instead.
Killed were Capt. Michael D. Geragosian, 66th Rescue Squadron,
Nellis AFB, Nev.; A1C Benjamin T. Hall, 90th Transportation Sq.,
F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo.; and A1C Warren T. Willis, 55th Transportation
Sq., Offutt AFB, Neb.
The aircraft, from the 61st Aircraft Squadron, Little Rock
AFB, Ark., was carrying 86 US military personnel and had a crew
of eight. It was on a routine mission ferrying troops between
two bases in Kuwait.
According to a Dec. 20 Air Force news release, the three airmen,
sitting in the fuselage area where the main landing gear attaches
to the frame, were fatally injured when the C-130 hit the ground
off the runway at Al Jaber.
"The aircraft, for reasons yet to be determined, impacted
the ground approximately 2,895 feet short and about 40 feet left
of the runway centerline," stated the Air Force. The crew
got the aircraft airborne after the impact, but the C-130 had
received "extensive damage to its main landing gear assemblies
and to the adjacent fuselage areas. Part of the left main landing
gear detached from the aircraft shortly after the impact."
After the aircraft regained altitude, the aircrew declared
an emergency and diverted to the country's only international
airport, where crews sprayed foam on the runway prior to an emergency
belly landing.
Air Force officials credited quick action on the part of Kuwaiti
emergency response crews for preventing further loss of life
from the crash.
Both Kuwait and the United States are continuing to investigate
the accident.
C-130J Fate Up in Air
The fate of the C-130J was uncertain in midDecember as
Air Force officials mulled pushing the program back in favor
of such high-priority projects as the F-22.
Air Force Secretary F. Whitten Peters said he sees no requirement
for the C-130J until 2011 and that existing models of the workhorse
Hercules won't have to start retiring for a decade-but added
that he wouldn't be "thrilled" to see the C-130 line
close-the likely result if the program is substantially delayed.
"It's just a question of: It's a lot of money,"
Peters told Defense Week.
One hundred fifty new C-130Js would cost about $8 billion.
By contrast, Lockheed Martin has been pushing for the Air
Force to start buying the C-130J in 2001, one year before the
current schedule calls for. Lockheed Martin officials have been
offering discounts of up to 15 percent per airplane if the Air
Force commits in 2001 to a multiyear procurement.
USAF Looks at Fixes for C-17
Airdrop
It will be at least two years before the Air Force can fix
problems that currently prevent C-17 airlifters from dropping
a brigade of paratroopers as fast as Army requirements call for.
Defense Week reporters talked with Army and Air Force officials
late last year about the problem.
The strategic brigade airdrop is supposed to be completed
in 30 minutes, to allow the paratroopers to group quickly on
the ground and thus minimize casualties from any resistance.
Globemasters take 51 minutes to complete this maneuver, however.
Due to the turbulence they produce, the large aircraft cannot
fly close enough together to meet the 30-minute deadline. In
addition, electronic systems limit the number of C-17s that can
fly together in a paratroop formation.
Among the possible solutions the Army and Air Force are studying:
- Changing the airplane's station-keeping radar equipment to
improve close formation flying.
- Dropping two rows of equipment from each airplane, instead
of one.
- Reducing the space-currently set at 40,000 feet-between airplanes
in formation.
Until C-17s can meet the 30-minute standard, C-141 Starlifters
will continue to serve as the paratroop workhorse. The C-141
is set to retire in 2004--meaning the Air Force has only a few
years to fix the problem.
News Notes
- The Joint Direct Attack Munition Systems Program Office,
Eglin AFB, Fla., was named winner of the Gen. Bernard A. Schriever
Award. The award honors the best Program Executive Office program
in the Air Force for 1999. About 40 major PEO programs competed
for the prize.
- The Air Force won the gold medal, its sixth title in the
18-year history of the Armed Forces Soccer Championship, last
fall. USAF team members selected to the armed forces all-star
team were Ryan Schaffer, Garrett Zindell, Chris Cole, Jarret
Robinson, and Shayne Kiefer.
- Capt. Mark Gillem, an individual mobilization augmentee with
the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Brooks AFB,
Texas, has been named the Air Force Reserve Outstanding Junior
Officer for 1999. The Reserve Officers Association was scheduled
to present Gillem with his award at its annual convention in
Washington in late January.
- An A-10 pilot from the 81st Fighter Squadron ejected from
his aircraft Nov. 22 after overshooting the runway and landed
in the dirt at Spangdahlem AB, Germany. First Lt. Nathan Connell
was treated for abrasions after the incident.
- Northrop Grumman delivered the sixth production Joint STARS
radar aircraft to USAF's 93rd Air Control Wing at Robins AFB,
Ga., on Dec. 1.
- The US Air Force has purchased title rights to the Millrose
Games, a prestigious indoor track and field competition. The
one-day event takes place at Madison Square Garden on Feb. 4
and will be broadcast on NBC a day later. The US Air Force Millrose
Games are a cornerstone event of USA Track and Field's "Golden
Spike Tour," an eight-city series of events featuring the
nation's finest track and field athletes.
- A Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was damaged Dec. 6
following a successful test flight. The aircraft veered off a
runway at Edwards AFB, Calif., and its nose gear collapsed. An
investigation board is looking into the cause of the incident.
- A Dec. 23 Air Force report of the investigation of the crash
of Global Hawk No. 2 on March 29, 1999, revealed that the UAV,
flying at China Lake Naval Weapons Center, Calif., had received
a flight-termination test signal from a range at Nellis AFB,
Nev. The signal caused it to enter a pre-programmed, rolling,
vertical descent from 41,000 feet.
- The Congressional General Accounting Office estimates that
the Air Force's maintenance depots lost $623 million between
1994 and 1998, despite raising labor charges 39 percent. Among
the reasons for the loss were higher-than-expected material costs
and lower-than-expected work productivity rates, said GAO.
- Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen signed a defense cooperation
plan with Ukraine at a ceremony in NATO headquarters in Brussels,
recently. The agreement calls for joint exercises, a military
medical exchange, and continued cooperation in counterproliferation
programs and help with professional military education.
- The 1999 Air Force Athletes of the Year are 2nd Lt. Robert
Dickie, a middle- and long-distance runner who is vehicle operations
flight commander at Little Rock AFB, Ark., and Maj. Kimberly
Markland, a world-class marathoner stationed at Bolling AFB,
D.C.
- Air Force Space Command released the results of its investigation
into an Oct. 3 mishap involving a UH-1N helicopter near Cameron
Pass, Colo. The crash was caused by flying too low and slow for
the altitude, terrain, and atmospheric conditions, concluded
an investigation board. The helicopter, from F.E. Warren AFB,
Wyo., was taking part in the search for a missing three-year-old
boy. Crew members sustained only minor injuries.
- On Dec. 13, two AT-38 Talon jet trainers from the 435th Flying
Training Squadron at Randolph AFB, Texas, collided during a training
mission northwest of Castroville, Texas. Both landed safely and
crew members were uninjured.
- Russia successfully launched a new strategic missile, the
Topol-M, on Dec. 14. The ICBM lifted off from Plesetsk and flew
eastward, hitting its target on the Kamchatka peninsula after
traveling some 3,400 miles.
- USO's Airman of the Year is TSgt. James L. Morrison II, assigned
to the 16th Airlift Squadron, Charleston AFB, S.C. Morrison won
the award for his disaster prevention actions when a phosphorous
signal flare was accidentally launched inside the cargo compartment
of a C-141B fully loaded with personnel and vehicles. He was
honored at a USO Holiday Gala aboard New York City's Intrepid
SeaAirSpace Museum.
- Walter Lipe, chief instrumentation engineer, 412th Test Wing
Instrumentation Division, Edwards AFB, Calif., received the Pioneer
Award from the International Foundation for Telemetering, recently.
The 36-year Edwards AFB employee has helped develop instrumentation
for test programs for everything from the F-4 to the F-22.
Obituary
John W.R. Taylor, 77, editor of Jane's All the World's Aircraft
from 1959 to 1989 and arguably the foremost author and editor
ever on the subject of flying machines, died Dec. 12 in Kingston,
Surrey, England. He was also the author or co-author of more
than 200 books.
Under his editorship, the annual editions of Jane's were recognized
as the most authoritative sources in the world for detailed information
about airplanes. Taylor said he preferred to concentrate on the
"ironmongery" of aircraft and avoid political issues.
Faithful to that direction, he established a reputation for both
fairness and accuracy. To some extent, he even received data
from the Russians at the height of the Cold War.
From 1971 until 1997, Taylor was contributing editor to Air
Force Magazine. Among his other work for this magazine, he originated
"Gallery of USAF Weapons," which appears each May in
the Almanac issue. The gallery is now done by Taylor's daughter,
Susan H.H. Young.
Copyright by Air Force Association.
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