May 1998 Vol. 80, No. 5
B-2s Make First Deployment
Air Combat Command successfully executed a forward
deployment of B-2 stealth bombers. The March 23-April 3 deployment
of two aircraft and some 200 airmen to Andersen AFB, Guam, marked
the first-ever deployment of B-2 bombers for a sustained training
operation from a forward location.
The aircraft and personnel came from the 509th Bomb Wing at Whiteman AFB, Mo.
The purpose of the action was to demonstrate the B-2's ability to deploy and operate from locations around the world, officials said. Exercises included weapons drops at a bombing range in the Northern Marianas and a series of low-level mission flights.
The action came not long after a senior Pentagon official cast doubt on whether the B-2s were ready to take part in real-world operations. Deputy Defense Secretary John J. Hamre, meeting with reporters on Feb. 25, maintained that only two or three B-2s have been modified to the advanced Block 30 configuration which allows them to carry a full load of conventional weapons.
"It takes a long time to develop a warbird, and this one is still developing, to be honest," said Hamre.
Boeing Plans Kelly Unit
Boeing will establish a logistics and support center
for large aircraft at Kelly AFB, Texas, company officials announced
on Feb. 20.
The new center will handle both military and civilian aircraft, with its workload split evenly between the two categories. Its first job, set for this spring, will involve modifying DC-10 and MD-11 cargo airplanes for Federal Express. Boeing will also soon move its C-17 support activities to Kelly.
The announcement comes nearly three years after a Base Realignment and Closure Commission voted to close Kelly by 2001 and move its Air Force work to other government depots. The new Boeing operation--established under a 20-year lease with the Greater Kelly Development Corp.--will create some 800 jobs. That is far short of the 12,000 workers employed at the big depot at its peak, but the number could grow as the Defense Department steers more depot maintenance work to private contractors.
Justice, DoD Seek to Halt LockheedNorthrop
Merger
In a move that could bring the end of
the rapid consolidation of US defense industries, the Justice
Department on March 23 filed suit in federal court to block Lockheed
Martin's proposed $12 billion purchase of Northrop Grumman.
Government officials said they are concerned about lack of competition in a number of key areas of technology if the deal is allowed to proceed. The Justice Department contends that the new firm would have a monopoly in airborne radars and electro-optical missile warning systems, according to a court filing.
Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman might also have a dominant position in stealth technologies and remote mine-hunting gear, they said.
Furthermore, the Pentagon is worried about the dwindling number of US corporations capable of producing combat aircraft. If Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman are allowed to combine it would be one of only two such firms-Boeing/McDonnell Douglas being the other.
Attorney General Janet Reno and Defense Secretary William S. Cohen announced the lawsuit, saying the combination of the No. 1 and No. 3 defense contractors would stifle competition and dampen innovation. "This merger isn't just about dollars and cents," Reno said. "It's about winning wars and saving lives."
Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman executives vowed to fight the government in court. They said their union is necessary if they are to be able to compete against electronics giant Raytheon for new business. If the deal does not go through, Northrop Grumman in particular might become isolated as a weaker fourth competitor in a market dominated by Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Raytheon, said analysts.
USAF Space Support Improved Since
'91 Persian Gulf War
Since the end of the Gulf
War in 1991, the US Air Force has vastly improved its ability
to deliver precise targeting and location information from space,
said top officials of US Space Command in a Feb. 18 Pentagon news
conference.
The upgrades of the last seven years mean US forces would rely heavily on space support during any future conflict in the Gulf region. "Space-based information has become like electricity or water--nobody really appreciates it until they flip that switch or turn that faucet, and it's not there. That information is important now and will become even more critical to our future warfighting capability," said Maj. Gen. Gerald F. Perryman Jr., commander of 14th Air Force, a US Space Command component which oversees USAF space operations from Vandenberg AFB, Calif.
Theater missile warning is one area that is much better today than it was during Desert Storm. During the war with Iraq it took nearly five minutes to alert people on the ground of an incoming Scud missile. Warning time now is "dramatically better," said Space Command Commander in Chief Gen. Howell M. Estes III. The exact figure is classified.
That is at least partially due to the establishment of the 11th Space Warning Squadron at Falcon AFB, Colo., in 1995. That unit is the only one in USAF specially tasked with using information from Defense Support Program early warning satellites to identify theater ballistic missile launches.
The squadron has a window of about 30 seconds to determine if a flash detected by DSP equipment is indeed a hostile launch. Information about confirmed Scud shots is disseminated via both voice and data networks.
Location information is another much-improved area that is reliant on space systems. US military forces now have access to a full constellation of 24 Global Positioning System satellites, as opposed to only 16 during the Gulf War. GPS is also now linked to precision guided weapon systems.
"This new generation of smart weapons will save lives," said Perryman. "Our pilots are no longer tied to their target. ... They can 'fire and forget' thanks to the accuracy provided by GPS targeting and guidance systems."
B-2 Panel Releases Findings
A Congressionally mandated review board has concluded
that the Air Force should use its B-2 bomber money for the baseline
stealth program and to upgrade the deployability, survivability,
and maintainability of the existing B-2 force--not attempt to
procure more of the stealth bombers.
The Panel to Review Long Range Airpower was charged by lawmakers with deciding whether the upgrade approach or continued low-rate production should be the continuing focus on the B-2 program.
Heading the panel was a former USAF Chief of Staff, Gen. Larry D. Welch. Another ex-service chief, Gen. Merrill A. McPeak, and former Air Force Secretary Donald B. Rice were among its other members. The panel also included Samuel Adcock, Daimler-Benz Corp.; former Sen. James Exon (D-Neb.); John Foster, TRW Inc.; Frederick L. Frostic, Booz·Allen & Hamilton, Inc.; Walter Morrow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory; and retired Air Force Gen. Robert L. Rutherford.
The review board also recommended that the Pentagon make better use of its current bomber force--B-1s and B-52s, as well as B-2s--through more operational attention and more money for support and upgrades. DoD needs to develop a long-term bomber sustainment plan, said panel members.
USAF Eyes U-2 Follow-On
The
U-2 surveillance airplane has been one of US intelligence's most
valuable tools since the early days of the Cold War. But the design
is aging, and Air Force officials believe now is the time to begin
planning the U-2's replacement.
By the end of the year service planners expect to draw up a mission requirements statement for a next-generation spy aircraft dubbed "U-X." Current concepts call for U-X to be able to operate in both manned and unmanned modes and to be capable of collecting a wide variety of data, including imagery, signals intelligence, and measurement and signature intelligence.
Still to be determined: Whether U-X will be a traditional air breather or a transatmospheric vehicle and whether it should be capable of hypersonic speed.
The U-X will not be a derivative of current unmanned aerial vehicle programs such as the Global Hawk, according to the Air Force.
Development of the new system is expected to begin in 2010, with first aircraft delivery scheduled for eight years later. The current fleet of 35 U-2s would be phased out by 2025, the end of their predicted structural lifetime.
U-2s are already undergoing upgrades in an effort to keep them fully capable until their replacement shows up in adequate numbers. Modifications include replacement of the airplane's Pratt & Whitney engine with a General Electric F118-GE-101 capable of boosting the airplane's operational altitude by 5,000 feet and radar and defensive system upgrades.
C-141 Accident Laid to German Aircraft
A USAF investigating board blamed a German aircraft
flying at the wrong altitude for the Sept. 13 crash of an Air
Force C-141 in the south Atlantic. The accident claimed the lives
of nine on the C-141. Another 24 aboard the German aircraft, a
Tu-154, also perished.
The Air Force on March 31 released the accident investigation report detailing the circumstances of the midair collision of the two aircraft off the coast of Namibia, in southwest Africa. The board, headed by Col. William H.C. Schell Jr., 375th Airlift Wing vice commander, Scott AFB, Ill., said the Tu-154 was flying at the wrong cruise altitude. The board further learned that the German aircraft's planned and actual flight altitudes violated the rules of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
The C-141 had departed Namibia for Ascension Island in the Atlantic after delivering US Army personnel and mine-clearing equipment to Windhoek Field, Namibia.
F-16 Crashes Off Korea
A
pilot assigned to the 51st Fighter Wing, Osan AB, South Korea,
died on March 25 in the crash of his F-16 fighter over the Yellow
Sea between the Korean peninsula and China.
The crash occurred during a routine combat training mission being carried out by a formation of four aircraft, USAF said.
The Air Force identified the pilot as Capt. Keith A. Sands of Tulsa, Okla. The body of Sands was located by a search team about 11 hours after the crash.
The cause of the accident is unknown. The Air Force said it had launched a formal crash investigation.
Cohen Orders Training Changes
In a sweeping directive aimed at improving basic training,
Defense Secretary William S. Cohen on March 16 ordered US military
services to toughen physical fitness standards for recruits, as
well as do more to separate male and female enlistees in their
boot camp living quarters.
The guidance marked Cohen's response to the work of a special panel on training issues headed by Nancy Kassebaum Baker, the former Republican Senator from Kansas.
At least for now, Cohen rejected the panel's recommendation that the military services segregate trainees by sex for much of their basic experience.
Still, the Pentagon chief insisted that his orders will improve one of the most crucial periods in the life of all US military members. "We must do more to ensure that basic training provides the skills, the discipline necessary to become a valuable member of our armed forces," said Cohen.
SECDEF's Training Changes
The new plan addressed three general training areas:
In addition, the Pentagon will accept a number of other recommendations made by the Kassebaum Baker panel, said Cohen. They include increases in the number of female recruiters and trainers, reexamination of recruitment advertising to put more emphasis on patriotism and challenge, and institution of training meant to produce professional relationships without use of such blanket policies as "no talk, no touch" between the sexes.
Drawdown Incentive Plan Closes
The 1998 Air Force drawdown incentive program for
officers has ended early, service officials announced on Feb.
18.
Plans had called for 1,000 officers to take early retirement and another 700 to leave after being granted service commitment waivers in 1998. Last year, applications for the drawdown plan were accepted into late summer. This year the numbers choosing to leave are such that the program was closed March 3.
The early retirement program is voluntary. The Air Force started accepting paperwork for those wanting entry last Dec. 2. A week later they were nearly a quarter of the way toward their 1,700 goal.
Officer Training Selection Rates
Up
Now is a good time for airmen and civilians
to apply to Officer Training School, because selection rates are
currently high, say Air Force officials.
At an OTS selection board in February, 35 percent of 650 applicants were chosen to attend the 13-week course, which commissions graduates as second lieutenants.
"We're ramping up our OTS production to meet the Air Force's need for new line officers," said Maj. Dori Johnson, chief of line officer accessions for USAF Recruiting Service. "Although OTS selection remains very competitive, across the board our selection rates are way up."
Civilian college graduates can apply for OTS through Air Force recruiting offices. Active duty enlisted members apply through base education offices. Applicants can choose from four OTS programs: pilot, navigator, technical, and nontechnical.
Some categories are in greater demand than others. Seventy percent of applicants in the navigator program were accepted, more than double the rate of last year. The pilot selection rate was more than 31 percent. Figures for technical and nontechnical program applicants were 49 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively.
OTS applicants must be US citizens, 18 to 29 years old, and meet certain physical requirements.
Wing Drop Problem "Solved,"
Navy's Top Admiral Asserts
Wing drop problems
in the F/A-18E/F have been essentially solved, Chief of Naval
Operations Adm. Jay L. Johnson told Congress March 12. The Navy
still had to give Pentagon officials a formal briefing on the
change and receive their concurrence.
In the wing drop phenomenon, asymmetric lift causes uncommanded banking of the aircraft during flight. To fix it "the porous wing full fairing is the right answer for us," Johnson said.
Researchers are currently fine-tuning the exact porosity of such fairings and are no longer considering any other approaches, added Rear Adm. Dennis McGuinn, the Navy's director of warfare.
The wing drop glitch endangered F/A-18E/F funds. Defense Secretary William S. Cohen testified earlier that he would not allow the release of $2.39 billion in 1998 money for the Lot II buy of 20 airplanes unless the problem was solved.
Falcon Name Changes
The
Air Force has approved changing the name of Falcon AFB, Colo.,
to Schriever AFB in honor of retired Air Force Gen. Bernard A.
Schriever, father of the USAF space and missile program. Falcon,
which derives its current name from a nearby town, is home to
the 50th Space Wing, the Joint National Test Facility, and the
Space Warfare Center, including the Space Battlelab.
Among his other accomplishments, Schriever was responsible for crucial development of the ICBM program when he was commander of the Western Development Division of Air Research and Development Command in the mid-1950s. He also helped transform Atlas and Titan missiles into reliable launching systems for sending men into space in the Mercury and Gemini programs. He retired in April 1966.
Enola Gay Exhibit Closes
The Enola Gay exhibition will end its long run at
the National Air and Space Museum in Washington May 18 because
of major structural renovations to the museum. The exhibition,
built around the famous B-29 that dropped the first atomic bomb
on Hiroshima, has drawn almost four million visitors since it
opened in June 1995.
It has been, by a wide margin, the most popular special exhibition in the history of the museum, but it is not the exhibit originally planned by the curators and the since-departed museum director. In 1994, Air Force Magazine and AFA touched off a national controversy by reporting on the museum's intention to use the Enola Gay as a prop in a political horror show. That scheme was eventually scrapped and a new director appointed.
Donald D. Engen, the current director, directed that the exhibition remain open through Armed Forces Day on May 16 and close the following Monday, when major refurbishing-much needed by the museum which is showing the effects of 22 years of visitor traffic-gets under way.
The Enola Gay will be a central element in the National Air
and Space Museum's Dulles Center, scheduled to open in suburban
Virginia in late 2001.
News Notes
On
March 23, an F-16 fighter of the 388th Fighter Wing, Hill AFB,
Utah, veered off the runway during landing, forcing its pilot
to eject. The pilot, who sustained minor injuries, had completed
a night surface attack tactics mission over the Utah Test and
Training Range and was returning to the base when the incident
occurred. A mishap board is investigating the cause of the accident.
The Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle made its first flight at Edwards AFB, Calif., on Feb. 28. Under autonomous guidance, the aircraft flew a bowtie-shaped track for 56 minutes and reached an altitude of 32,000 feet.
Air Force pilots are not rushing to accept new bonuses meant to lure them into continuing their military commitment, according to the Air Force. Several months into the new plan, barely a third of those pilots eligible had accepted the long-term bonus, which raised the rate for staying on active duty for 14 years from $12,000 to $22,000 per year.
F-22 flight testing is on schedule for its planned mid-April start despite a recent engine failure, according to USAF officials. The Air Force suspended tests on the aircraft's F119 engine in early March after a knife-edged seal broke while the power plant was operating in afterburner mode. But indications are the problem was a component failure rather than a design flaw.
According to one news source, a Congressionally mandated Pentagon study of the impact of accelerating development of the Navy version of the Joint Strike Fighter from Fiscal 2008 to 2005 would cost an additional $4.9 billion in procurement funds. It would strain deployment schedules for the Air Force and Marine Corps variants of the aircraft, with a subsequent negative impact on the age of those services' fighter inventories.
Maxwell AFB, Ala., has begun construction on a new $38 million Officer Training School campus. The school--scheduled to be completed by 2002--will include a two-story academic facility, two auditoriums, conference rooms, and a computer lab.
MSgt. Sandra Cooper-McKay (AFRES), a firefighter from the 419th Civil Engineer Squadron at Hill AFB, Utah, was named GEICO Reservist of the Year for 1997 on March 18. She will receive a $2,500 cash award plus an all-expenses-paid trip for two to Washington, D.C.
The 14th Air Force's Flying Tigers celebrated their 55th anniversary in March. Today the numbered air force oversees the launch and control of Air Force satellites and space surveillance and missile warning forces, but it traces its lineage to the famous Flying Tigers of Claire Chennault and their epic battles with Japanese aircraft in the skies over China and Burma during World War II.
On Feb. 24, President Clinton nominated Dr. Sue Bailey to become assistant secretary of defense for health affairs, the Pentagon's top health official. A veteran physician, Bailey served as deputy secretary for health affairs from July 1994 to June 1995.
Capt. Susan Shelley, Medical Service Corps utilization and education manager, was named the Air Force's Young Health Care Administrator of the Year for 1997 on March 4.
Despite a series of accidents last September, the US military lost fewer airplanes in crashes in 1997 than in any year since at least 1975, the General Accounting Office said in a report released March 23. The armed forces suffered 54 crash losses in Fiscal 1997, as compared to 221 in 1975, said the GAO.
US service personnel who lost personal property during the devastating flood that hit the Grand Forks, N.D., region last April have until this Sept. 30 to file claims for recompense with the government. US officials estimate about 400 military members from Grand Forks AFB may be eligible for such aid, but only about 150 had filed personal property claims as of early March.
They are normally based hundreds of miles apart, but a father and son who both serve as Air Force communications specialists found themselves deployed to the Gulf region together on Feb. 21 and stationed in close proximity. SMSgt. Russell Sinclair, from Langley AFB, Va., and his son A1C Chris Sinclair, from Robins AFB Ga., said their family was in fact glad they were near each other in a tense part of the world. "My mom was happy we were both going together--so we could take care of each other," said the younger Sinclair.
F-16s from the 177th Fighter Wing, New Jersey Air National Guard, helped save a straying civilian aviator lost over the Atlantic on Feb. 28. The private pilot was heading from Rochester, N.Y., to Teterboro, N.J., but his navigational equipment had failed and he was 225 miles out to sea. The F-16s caught his attention by flashing their running lights and lighting their afterburners. They managed to turn him around and he landed safely near Atlantic City, N.J.
On March 20 at F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo., USAF tested the capability of launch control centers from the 400th Missile Squadron and Airborne Launch Control Center aircraft from Offutt AFB, Neb. The test allowed both systems to execute their warfighting mission with Giant Pace 98-1P, a Simulated Electronic Launch-Peacekeeper, or SELP. The purpose was to exercise the ground and airborne command-and-control elements and exercise the Peacekeeper ICBM up to initiation of the launch-eject gas generator.
Via a program dubbed Hickam Family Helping Families more than 150 volunteers renovated kitchens and bathrooms in 10 older homes at Hickam AFB, Hawaii, recently. Work included replacing cabinets, sinks, countertops, and floors. The project saved the base $10,000 to $15,000 per home due to its use of free labor.
The Air Force Chief of Staff announced the winners of the 1997 Outstanding Civil Engineer Unit Awards on Feb. 26. Winner for the large base category was the 52d Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB, Germany. The award for the small base category went to the 4th Civil Engineer Squadron, Seymour Johnson AFB, N.C.
The new Tricare Management Activity began operations on Feb. 10. Formed from a consolidation of the Tricare Support Office, the Defense Medical Programs Activity, and various other health management programs, the new TMA will oversee management of the Tricare health program. Both TMA and its acting executive director, Diana G. Tabler, will report to the office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs.
William D. Stroud was awarded the Purple Heart on Feb. 23-53 years after the B-24 the then-private was flying in was downed over Czechoslovakia by a German fighter. Struck in the head by shrapnel, Stroud was a prisoner of war for over a year. It is unclear why Stroud did not receive the decoration shortly after his release, but his daughter said the award was still welcome after all these years. "He deserves it. He went through so much," said Joyce H. Ward, who submitted the Purple Heart paperwork for her father.
Alliant Techsystems unveiled the first production Outrider tactical unmanned aerial vehicle at its Hopkins, Minn., facility on Feb. 19. The Outrider was developed under a two-year Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration program and promises to provide tactical commanders invaluable real-time target acquisition information, said company officials.