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B-45 Tornado |
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More reach is given to the long striking arm of the U.S. Air Force North American B-45C Tornado four-jet bomber, a "wing tip tank" version of the B-45. The tanks pack much more range into the Tornado's normal tactical radius of over 800 miles. Black paint on inside of tanks and engine nacelles reduce glare. The sleek bombers carry a payload of over 10 tons and are in the 550 miles per hour speed class. (U.S. Air Force photo)
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The B-45 was the first American four-engine jet bomber to
fly and the first Air Force jet bomber to go into
production. However, the B-45's career was only moderately
successful. The type entered service in 1948 with the 47th
Bomb Group at Barksdale AFB, La. Three RB-45Cs were sent to
Korea for an operational evaluation and were pressed into
service with the 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, but
the type's wartime experience was short. Originally designed
as conventional bombers, 40 B-45s were extensively modified
to carry nuclear weapons under the Backbreaker program,
starting in 1950. Nuclear-capable aircraft reached the
United Kingdom by May 1, 1952. On July 29, 1952, an RB-45C
crew made the first nonstop transpacific flight by a
multiengine jet bomber with the help of a KB-29 tanker. In
flying the 3,640 miles from Alaska to Japan in nine hours,
50 minutes, the crew of Maj. Louis H. Carrington, Jr., Maj.
Frederick W. Shook, and Capt. Wallace D. Yancey won the
Mackay Trophy. In the 1950s, two aircraft were used in the
development of jet engines (the JB-45A was used by
Westinghouse, and the JB-45C was used by both General
Electric and Pratt & Whitney). Other aircraft were used
as target tugs, conversion trainers, and drone director
aircraft. The B-45 was phased out of service by 1959.
| Contractors: |
North American Aviation, Inc. |
| Locations Built: |
Long Beach, Calif. (in a former Douglas Aircraft Co. factory) |
| Number Built: (USAF) |
142 (142) |
| First Flight: |
March 17, 1947 |
| First Flight Model: |
XB-45 |
| First Flight Location: |
Muroc AAF, Calif. |
| First Flight Pilot: |
George Krebs |
| Models/Variants: |
B-45A, C. RB-45C |
| Powerplant: |
Two General Electric J47-GE-13 and two General Electric J47-GE-15 turbojets of 5,200 lb static thrust each |
| Wingspan: |
89 ft 0 in. |
| Length: |
75 ft 4 in. |
| Height: |
25 ft 2 in. |
| Weight: |
112,952 lb gross |
| Armament: |
Two Browning M7 .50-cal. machine
guns in tail turret and 22,000 lb of conventional
or nuclear bombs |
| Accommodation: |
four (pilot and copilot in tandem, bombardier, and tailgunner) |
| Cost: |
$1.08 million |
| Max. Speed: |
573 mph |
| Range: |
1,910 mi |
| Ceiling: |
43,250 ft. |
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