Jimmy Stewart and the Importance of Airpower

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Kathleen Ferguson:

Good morning, everyone. Good morning. Ladies and gentlemen, haven’t these last two days been amazing? And I’m gonna tell you right now, day three is going to be the best one yet. Look around this room, thousands of Airmen, Guardians, industry leaders, innovators, and supporters of AFA and space power, all together in one place.

This is AFA. But AFA is a lot more than a conference. AFA is the Mitchell Institute, generating the ideas and research that shape the future of air and space power. AFA is Air and Space Forces Magazine, telling the story of our Air Force and Space Force every single day. AFA is advocacy, a strong, independent voice for the Air Force, the Space Force, Airmen, Guardians and their families, and our civilians.

AFA is support for military members, families, wounded warriors, and caregivers. AFA is the future. CyberPatriot, Stellar Explorers, scholarships, teacher grants, and the next generation of air and space power leaders. AFA is heritage, honoring the giants who built the air and space forces we have today. And most importantly, AFA is people. Our members, our chapters, our states, our regions across the country and the world, our national board, our incredible AFA staff, our Airmen and Guardians, our military and civilian leaders, our government civilians and contractors that sit alongside us, our industry partners, all of us, one AFA, united by a belief in the power of air and space forces to defend this nation.

And that belief goes back to the very beginning of this association. AFA was founded before there was even an independent United States Air Force, founded by people who understood what air power could mean to America’s future. One of them was Jimmy Doolittle. But this morning, I wanna talk about another Jimmy. Can I see a quick show of hands as how many folks have seen “It’s A Wonderful Life”?

Okay, pretty much everybody out in the audience. So you all know George Bailey, but how many of you really know Brigadier General Jimmy Stewart? Before “It’s a Wonderful Life” became an American classic, Jimmy Stewart walked away from being one of Hollywood’s biggest stars to serve his country. He flew more than 20 combat missions at World War II. He stayed in uniform after the war. He ultimately became a Brigadier General in the Air Force Reserves, and he helped found AFA.

In fact, Jimmy Stewart was one of AFA’s 12 original founders. At our earliest conferences, he was the master of ceremonies and it’s well known he kept at least one party going until dawn, playing piano and singing wartime songs. Now think about that. One of the most famous actors in America could have simply returned to Hollywood. Instead, he kept serving our nation. He kept wearing the uniform, and he kept telling America’s air power story.

And he helped build an association dedicated to ensuring that generations after him would be doing exactly that. 80 years later, that responsibility falls on all of us. So let me introduce you to Captain Jimmy Stewart and a sneak peek from the upcoming film, “JIMMY.”

“JIMMY” Clip:

Now let me tell you a little secret. You are here because some guy you’ll never meet said this man belongs in an airplane. And now you’re in charge, see?

And your life is in your own hands. And gods and every man up there relies on you the same way that you rely on them. And sometimes when you’re giving 100%, sometimes you still might get shot out of the sky. See, this thing we’ve been called to do is hard. But we’re not here because it’s easy. We’re here because our country needs us. Because no one else can do what we’ve been called to do. So when you’re up there today and you’re dropping those bombs, and you’re asking yourself, what’s this all for?

Stop and ask yourself a better question. What else would I rather be doing? I for one know I wouldn’t be any place else. I know this is exactly where I’m supposed to be. I’m leading this mission, and today I’m group commander. Now let’s go! (crowd cheering) I’m the scene in so many movies. But this isn’t a movie.

This is my life. Think America wants to forget the war. I just want to bring back hope.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Wasn’t that incredible? And here’s something pretty special. All of you are the very first audience to have seen that preview. And there’s something else very special with us today. And this morning we have with us Jimmy’s daughter, and the film’s executive producer, Kelly Stewart Harcourt, and the film’s director, Aaron Burns, and our own Lieutenant General Andrew Gebara, a bomber pilot himself, and his uncle flew B-24s during World War II.

So welcome to the panel that’s going to tell us a little bit more about Jimmy. And so Kelly, I want to go ahead and start with you. Most of the people in the room know your dad is one of the greatest actors to ever grace the screen. But far fewer know he flew combat missions over Germany and continued his service after the war. So what did you learn about your dad while making the movie?

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

This movie taught me a lot about dad.

And part of it was based on the fact that after he died, my sister found a diary in the desk next to his bedside that was a diary he had kept during the war. And it talked about his fears and his doubts and his hopes. And it was a glimpse into how brave dad really was. And my sister and I- my sister Judy and I have often wondered why that diary was right by his bedside. And it ends– when the war ends, it ends almost mid-sentence. And we wondered, well, was he going to- did he want to finish it later?

Did he read it? And I decided that he wanted the story told. And working on the script and working on the movie has taught me about his story that I just didn’t know before. And it’s a story that a lot of people don’t know about dad.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you, Kelly. And I think it’s a story a lot of World War II veterans didn’t share. So thank you for that. So I’m going to turn to Aaron.

And can you tell us a little bit about why you did this movie and what you learned about his Air Force connection?

Aaron Burns:

So like most Americans, I watch “It’s a Wonderful Life” every Christmas and love his Westerns, “The Man who Shot Liberty Valance.” And just being here in DC, “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington’s” story of this courageous young patriot. But honestly, I had no idea that he had served in the military and served in World War II because he’s an actor. And actors don’t do those things.

And I remember several years ago, I saw an article that said when he came home from the war, he was struggling with PTS and that the making of “It’s a Wonderful Life” was his source of healing. And I said, whoa, whoa, whoa, wait. Jimmy Stewart fought in a war? And that was– I know to our audience here, we’re very familiar with that. But to the average American, we don’t know that story. And so I dove deeper and started to read his biographies and study his pieces and connected with Kelly.

And as we started to explore the story, we had a conversation one day where Kelly asked me, Aaron, does anyone remember my dad anymore? This was 80 years ago where these things happened. And what we discussed is, regardless of anyone remembers, we’re making this movie so that my kids, so that the next generation will learn about Jimmy Stewart because we think the world needs more men and women who serve and love and have that faith and hope and courage that Jimmy had.

So the process of uncovering that story and then getting to share it with the world has been a great joy for us.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you. And now we’re going to turn to General Gebara. I’m sorry– you’re a bomber pilot. And you’ve commanded at numerous levels across the Air Force, but you also have a personal connection to the story. Can you tell us a little bit about that and how Jimmy Stewart may have inspired you and other bomber pilots along the way?

Lt. Gen. Andrew Gebara:

Well, sure. So first of all, Kathleen, thanks for all the efforts of AFA. Two great days so far, and I’m really looking forward to an exciting day three. So thank you for letting us be part of that. You’re absolutely right that Jimmy Stewart’s always been a kind of a personal hero of mine. A guy that left California, joined the Air Force, ended up flying combat over Europe, and then later became an advocate for strategic deterrence and bomber air power is someone that really resonates with me.

On a personal level, my great uncle, Pete Hesney, was a B-24 navigator in the aircraft Satan’s Sister in the 446th Bomb Group. 445th Bomb Group was Jimmy Stewart’s group, and so I have high confidence that they were in the same air at the same time and the same missions at some point. Can’t prove it, but pretty likely. And so it’s always been kind of a personal hero of mine. I will tell you, and you should know this about your father, he’s an inspiration to not just Andy Jubera, but a lot of air crew over time.

So when I was a bomb wing commander many years ago at Barksdale in the 2nd Bomb Wing, we had a big picture of Jimmy Stewart up on the headquarters. Because as you may know, at the end of the war, he was the 2nd Bomb Wing vice commander. So the person that enlisted, fought his way through the ranks, and became a bomb wing vice commander in like four years. Pretty amazing, and a real testament to a lot of our air crew.

Kathleen Ferguson:

So can we follow up on that maybe just a little bit? And when you look at Jimmy Stewart, could have walked away, he could have gone back to Hollywood, but instead he chose to stay. Can you tell a little bit about what that really means to an Airman that puts on a uniform today?

Lt. Gen. Andrew Gebara:

Well, I mean, it’s incredibly inspirational. I think sometimes we forget just how dark the situation was when Jimmy Stewart was making these decisions. So at the time he was fighting to get into the force, our naval power had been decimated at Pearl Harbor.

The air power we sent forward to the Philippines had been decimated. Hitler’s war machine had overrun continental Europe. And we sent our teams forward. It was years before we would have the ground combat power to enter on D-Day. And so it was up to Airmen to make that gap and make that happen. And so that is the environment he went into. He flew 20 missions at a time when it was statistically impossible to survive the 25 missions it would take in the mighty 8th Air Force to be rotated back home.

And he absolutely had a choice not to go. And he actually had to fight his way in to go. And I think it’s in the highest ideals and standards of our American Airmen that people from all walks of life made that choice and then continue to make that choice today to serve their country.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you. So Kelly, I want to continue that thread with you a little bit. And of course, we’ve talked about your dad could have just left in 1945 and gone back to Hollywood.

But instead, he stayed and became one of AFA’s 12 founders, which to me and I think all of us in the room is just pretty amazing to know that he was one of our 12 founders 80 years ago. And he really spent years making the case for air power and certainly was a key contributor to the Department of Air Force standing up as its own service. So what do you think kept him coming back rather than doing something that would have been a whole lot easier?

What do you think caused him to continue to desire to serve?

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

Well, I think that dad lived his life- he lived his life trying to do what was right. And he also had been brought up with a feeling of a connection with the public, this country. And for instance, in his acting life, he always considered himself to be in partnership with his public. And I think he was in partnership with his country. And so he wanted to do what was right for that.

And he, as an actor, he felt he owed his life to his public. And I think as a person, someone in the military, he owed his life to his country and the people. And so he wanted to live a life of service, and he wanted to do what was right. And that’s why he never let this military service part of his life disappear. Kept a hold of it.

Kathleen Ferguson:

That’s really inspirational. So I want to go back a minute to an article that he wrote back in 1955.

And he said, as an Air Force reservist and charter member of the AFA, I kept pretty close to the Air Force and its problem. And that’s what led to him making Strategic Air Command. So Aaron, in that same article, he also wrote that not enough Americans knew about Strategic Air Command, and he wanted to fix that without preaching a sermon. So 70 years later, you’re making a film for an audience that really doesn’t have the broad link to military services, did way back in the 1950s. So how does your film tell the story of the Air Force and the importance of a life of service?

Aaron Burns:

I think similar to the world Jimmy was in when he made that film in the ’50s, as you look at our world today, we’re so divided. And division often comes from each individual competing for their own ends and their own goals and their own needs. And when you look at a life of service, that’s when you consider others’ needs more important than your own. And when each one does that, when each individual looks to serve the people around them, all of a sudden you find a whole country that’s full of love and service.

And you find the unity and joy and care that each one has for each other. And that’s where Jimmy’s heart was. And that’s what he wanted to do when he served our country in the ’40s and beyond that. And as you look at the themes and threads of his films, even “It’s a Wonderful Life,” you can see that thread woven throughout. That a life of service, a life of sacrifice, a life of love is what endures and ultimately gives you that joy and hope for today.

And as I discovered his story, obviously most of you already knew that, that he had lived out what he had talked about. That he not only played heroes on the screen, but he lived a hero in real life. It was our goal through this film to communicate that to our audience today. And I think in answering the question, why did he serve? He was asked that many times throughout his career. As you get into the ’60s and ’70s and Americans began to get more cynical about everything, people would say, why would you serve?

Why do you care? Why are you doing all these things? You’re rich in payments. You can do whatever you want. And he answered, “Is it too corny to say that I’m a patriot? That I love my country? And that I love the people in my country?” And it just kind of stopped them in their tracks because he was that genuine and that authentic, and he really cared.

And so our hope with this film is to show those choices and to show him through that deep conflict and those questions and challenges. And as General Gebara was saying, to fly in the cockpit of a B-24, the only reason that they let him move from- they had what they call a static hold order on him, that he was stuck behind a desk or stuck training missions, but he said, no, I want to go fight. I want to go serve my country on the front lines.

And he refused– he made a few training films, but he refused to continue to let his fame be a PR tool. He said, no, I want to serve myself. And when the 8th Air Force first went over and was basing out of England flying against the Nazis, they were shot to bits in their first couple of months, and they needed anyone who was capable of flying. He was a fabulous pilot. He was a fabulous commander. And so when he made his pitch, please let me go over, they said, we don’t need you for your celebrity.

We need you because you’re a great commander. So they let him go over. And then he continued to do that. But it was more dangerous- you had lower odds of survival in the cockpit of a B-24 than landing on the beaches with the Marines. And he knew that. He knew that full well. And he said, I want to go anyway. And that’s that kind of- to us as filmmakers, we’re so grateful to you all who’ve made that same choice to serve our country and to serve us.

And we want to say thank you with this film and to inspire, whether you’re in the military or just a regular American citizen, for us to live our lives in service to others.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you. Kelly, maybe you can expand on that a little bit. Can you tell us a little bit about your dad’s- what I’ve heard called “Fight to Fight”?

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

Dad’s “Fight to Fight” was something that I didn’t know about before working on this film.

I didn’t know how hard he had to fight to be able to serve. I didn’t really know about the resistance to him going overseas and to actually being in the action. And that was one of the things that I learned about his story. And one of the things that really impressed me was how he wouldn’t veer away. Not only was it he didn’t have to make that choice, it was he had to fight to make that choice.

Kathleen Ferguson:

And that’s really a true testament to, Aaron, your point about him being a patriot.

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

Yeah.

Kathleen Ferguson:

So General, maybe make a little bit of connection between his time and our time here. So he once wrote that manpower was one of air power’s major headaches. Anybody heard that before? So maybe you can share a little bit about what’s changed and what hasn’t changed. And is there anything we can learn from Jimmy’s era?

Lt. Gen. Andrew Gebara:

Sure.

There’s a lot of ways you could take that. But here’s some context. When the 8th Air Force was founded, it was nine Airmen. It was founded in a National Guard armory in Georgia on the way over. They threw a flag at the commander and said build the 8th Air Force. By the end of the war, the 8th Air Force alone was the size of our Air Force is today. We had 2.4 million Airmen in our Air Force.

So manpower was absolutely critical. We had to recruit people. We had to assess people. We had to train people. We had to deploy people. And then we had to give them the reps and sets necessary so they could fly, and they could fix, and they could fight, and they could win. And nothing about that is easy. Now, the scale of what they did is immense, to go from handfuls of people up to millions of people.

But very similar situation that we have today. There’s a cliche in our Air Force. One of the questions of the age is, is it mission first, people always? Or is it people first, mission always, right? For whatever it’s worth, I think we’re here to do a mission. But the way you fulfill that mission is to take care of those people. And you take care of people, not by coddling them, but by training them well and giving them everything they need to succeed so that they can go do what they need to do for our country.

Here’s the other secret about Jimmy Stewart’s day. And he knew this. Our force was not ready in the early ’40s. But early in the war, Hermann Goering was very famous saying that no bomber would ever reach Germany. That was a famous quote from Goering. By the end of the war, the 8th Air Force made a mockery of that. We flew where we willed, and we did what we needed to do.

That didn’t just happen overnight. That takes years to happen. And so I think the lesson for us is we have to have a force in readiness, and we have to provide the resources those Airmen need to get what training they need, and what deployments they need, and what parts they need, and everything that makes up an Air Force that has to be ready at the beginning. Because we’re going, even if we’re not ready. And so people like us, people like you in the audience, we have a responsibility to them to make sure they’re given everything they need to win.

Kathleen Ferguson:

And back to Kelly. You’re the executive producer on the film, which must have been very interesting to sit there and watch folks portray your dad in his life. So as executive producer, what did you want to make sure to get right that nobody else would have caught? What were some of those things that you wanted to make sure they got absolutely right about your dad?

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

Well, you know, dad wanted to keep his military life separate from his Hollywood life.

And so with this project, I was thinking, what are we doing here? We’re doing exactly what dad didn’t want. We’re combining his Hollywood life with his military service. But there was something about this story that nobody knew about. Nobody knew. I didn’t know. And I just realized that in order for this to be something that was OK with dad, not just that he would be proud, but even OK with, it had to be true.

It had to be true story of his. And as I say, he left that diary in his desk. And I think it’s because he wanted that story told. But it had to be true. Otherwise, we would be doing what he had never wanted to do, which is mix up his military service and his Hollywood life. So that was the most important thing to me about this project that we had to get right. And the only way to make Dad proud of this film was to be true, to get it right, to be true to him.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you. So Aaron, how did you dramatize a man who wanted to shift the spotlight off himself as you produced the film?

Aaron Burns:

I think watching Jimmy- well, first of all, the joy of getting to know Kelly and spend time with her. I remember on my first call with her over Zoom as we’re talking about it, it was such a privilege to get to hear all of the other beats of Jimmy’s life when he’s outside of the spotlight.

And there’s an old saying that says, don’t get too close to your heroes or you’ll be disappointed. And you always kind of have that fear when you have people you truly love and respect. And oh, I’m sure once you get to know them, you’ll uncover all the dirty, dark secrets. But there wasn’t that with Jimmy. Jimmy was not only a hero on the screen and a hero off the screen in his military life, but he was a wonderful husband and a wonderful father and a wonderful patriot.

And he balanced his service and his love and his faith and all of these pieces in this beautiful harmony. And for us, rather than focusing on the huge grand moments of his life, we chose to make it a very, very personal story. So when you’re making a film, the lensing or the framing that you take is very important. So we decided to make this entirely from his point of view. So you’re never really in a moment without Jimmy. So we’ve all seen World War II movies, we’ve all seen Hollywood biopics, but you’ve never seen World War II from the eyes of an actor who goes off to experience it.

So you’re in the cockpit with Jimmy as he’s flying, you’re in the briefing rooms with Jimmy, you’re behind the scenes. So we recreate portions of “It’s a Wonderful Life,” but instead of looking into the set, you’re looking off of the set and you’re experiencing it all through his eyes. So it comes across as a very intimate, a very personal story and journey that invites you into the struggles and challenges that anyone would have going off to war and doing those things.

And then honestly, act three is his struggle coming home. And he talks about his mental, his spiritual, his emotional struggles after all that he had been through. And if you remember “It’s a Wonderful Life,” there’s the villain of that story, Mr. Potter, who’s played by Lionel Barrymore. And in the records of production, Jimmy was struggling emotionally. And the raw performance that he brings in is he yells at those kids and they start to cry on set.

Donna Reed, his co-star, said, “Jimmy, you gotta cool it. You’re making the kids cry in real life.” And Lionel Barrymore took him aside, again, the villain who plays Mr. Potter, and he started mentoring him. And he said, “I haven’t been in the war. “I know you have, but let’s process “the power and value of what you did, “the way you served our country was incredible, “but also what you’re doing here through this film “is your unique gift to America “to help each individual who watches it “to find the hope and purpose of their life.”

So it culminates then, our film does, and as Jimmy wrote an article many years later about his experience making that film, that if you remember, he’s at Martini’s Bar, and his character, George Bailey, prays this impassioned prayer that he’s, “I’m at the end of my rope. “You know, God, if you’re out there, would you help me?” And Jimmy wrote that in that moment, that prayer became real for him too. And it was this intersection of his character, this broken man, George Bailey, and this broken man, Jimmy Stewart.

And through the making and through the telling of that story, he finds his own hope and healing. And so that’s the lens that we sort of took through the whole thing, it’s a very personal journey for Jimmy to go from a huge star, then down into the military, and then up to the top, and he literally helped win World War II. You look at all the missions that they flew, they prepared, they won the skies over Europe, and they prepared the way for the D-Day invasions, and all the things that they did, it was his men and his leadership that accomplished that.

And they called them “milk runs” back in the day, the easy missions, he would purposely schedule himself to not fly the milk runs, but to fly the hardest missions. And he would purposefully schedule himself to be in the lead squadron, to be leading the way, and taking that burden. And then he’s the one who’s writing the letters home, when in one mission that he didn’t fly, they lost 13 ships, and that’s 130 men that didn’t come back and he’s the one who’s writing those letters home.

So he was that courageous leader, and he absorbed all that into himself. And then as we follow him back home, dealing with that weight of trauma, but we don’t leave him there, and he didn’t leave himself there, he found that joy and that healing. So as we follow that very personal journey, that’s the lens that we took through the whole story. And what’s so remarkable to me is that he was able, through that healing, to continue to serve, and over the coming decades to continue to both make amazing films, to be an amazing dad, and to continue to serve his country in the Air Force as well.

Kathleen Ferguson:

I can’t wait to go see the movie. So Kelly, sitting here listening to more stories about your dad, I just have to ask, what was it like growing up with Jimmy Stewart as your dad being this war hero, but at the same time also being recognizable by everybody in the United States as a world-renowned actor? So how was that growing up with Jimmy as your dad?

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

People have often asked me that. And I just have to say, it was growing up with dad.

I mean, he didn’t bring his work into the house. He didn’t bring his movie work into the house. And he never talked about his wartime experience. And he rarely spoke in detail about the work that he had done in the service of his country. And so it was like being with your dad. I don’t have any- You don’t know any different. I don’t have anything exotic. I don’t have a way to answer that exotically, because it wasn’t exotic.

It was just living with dad.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Sounds exotic to me. Thank you.

Aaron Burns:

Tell them the story about when he came to visit you, when you were on safari, for that little tiny window of time.

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

Well, Aaron has reminded me about a visit that my parents made to me when I was studying gorillas in Rwanda and Congo. And they had gotten me interested in this life of wildlife, interested in wildlife.

And so mom and dad came to visit. And dad was- I believe he was about 75 at the time. It was ’81, ’82. And he spent a good part of a day crawling through the bamboo on his hands and knees following gorillas. And it was really quite something. And then I decided, well, where am I going to put mom and dad for them to stay? I wanted them to be comfortable. And they couldn’t stay at camp because our camp was at 10,000 feet.

It was too high. So I decided I wouldn’t put them into this sort of scuzzy hotel in town. I would put them into this beautiful retreat that the Catholic mission had built way up on a hill. Fantastic view. So we get there after this long day of dad crawling through the bamboo. And I walked in. And it says, as you walk in, silence at all times.

People are praying. And I thought, uh-oh, because we were a loud group. You know, there was my sister. And there was me, my husband, my sister-in-law, my sister’s brother. And we all laughed a lot, my mom. And dad was hard of hearing, so everybody spoke really loud. And oh my god, he- and then he went to take a shower after this long day. And the bathing facilities were communal.

And so I thought again, uh-oh. He went into this shower room. And it was just this big room with all these shower heads coming down. Stood there. And of course, people were there to do penance. So there was no hot water, waiting for it to get hot. And he came back into this tiny, clean, very tiny room where we were all waiting for him. And he looked like a defeated man.

And dad could look really defeated when he stood there in this towel over his shoulder. And he sat down. And he said, “You know, the Catholics may be OK as people, but they run a lousy hotel.” And I kept saying, “But dad, the view! Look at the view!” And it was such a great example of how, even when this was not comfortable and this trip was not like he was expecting, he could still find the humor in it.

You know, he could still just wrap it all up and make it OK.

Kathleen Ferguson:

That’s a great story, great story. OK, we have one quick lightning round question. So in one sentence, what do you want the Airmen and Guardians to take away from the movie? And we’re going to start with the general and come this way.

Lt. Gen. Andrew Gebara:

In one sentence, I think Jimmy Stewart continues and should continue to inspire Airmen and Guardians of today because he lived his life with integrity first, he repeatedly put service before self, and he had excellence in everything he did.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you. Kelly?

Kelly Stewart Harcourt:

I want people to learn that- I’m paraphrasing this. Somebody said this to me just the other day. It’s a phrase, it’s hard to die for your country, but it’s also hard to kill for your country. And people don’t realize how hard the service, military service, is. And I didn’t realize it.

And I think that that’s such an important lesson. And that is what would make Dad proud, is for people to understand how much it takes to serve your country like this.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you.

Aaron Burns:

I hope that they feel seen, having watched this movie, and that we’re able to communicate some of the sacrifice that they’ve made. And I hope that they hear thank you from Americans who are grateful.

Kathleen Ferguson:

Thank you so much. So I cannot express enough gratitude for all three of you being here today. So excited for the movie to come out and watch the movie. I know we didn’t have a ton of time this morning, but for everybody else in the room, Aaron and Kelly are going to be at the AFA Pavilion at 9:30. So if you want to go up there and hear a little bit more. But oh my gosh, just listening about the passion and the excitement you have for the movie.

Just can’t wait for it to come out. And thank you, thank you, thank you for being here. And what do we all agree, what a great start to day three.